Southwest Airlines (LUV) Q3 2023 Earnings Call Transcript

Southwest Airlines (LUV -0.89%)
Q3 2023 Earnings Call
Oct 26, 2023, 12:30 p.m. ET

Contents:

• Prepared Remarks
• Questions and Answers
• Call Participants

Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Hello everyone, and welcome to the Southwest Airlines third quarter 2023 conference call. My name is Jamie, and I will be moderating today’s conference. This call is being recorded, and a replay will be available on southwest.com in the Investor Relations section. After today’s prepared remarks, there will be an opportunity to ask questions.

[Operator instructions] At this time, I’d like to turn the floor over to Mrs. Julia Landrum, vice president of investor relations. Ma’am, please go ahead.

Julia Landrum — Vice President, Investor Relations

Thank you so much, and welcome, everyone, to our third quarter 2023 conference call. In just a moment, we will share our prepared remarks and then jump into Q&A. On the call with me today, we have our president and CEO, Bob Jordan; Executive Vice President and CFO Tammy Romo; Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer Ryan Green; and Chief Operating Officer Andrew Watterson. A quick reminder that we will make forward-looking statements, which are based on our current expectation of future performance, and our actual results could differ materially from expectations.

We also reference our non-GAAP results, which exclude special items that are called out and reconciled to GAAP results in our press release. Please refer to the disclosures in our press release from this morning and visit our investor relations website for more information. With that, Bob, I’ll turn it over to you.

Bob Jordan — Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

Well, thanks, Julia, and good morning, everyone. Before we jump into the financials, I wanted to acknowledge that there have been heart-wrenching challenges around the world the past several months, and we’ve had natural disasters in the communities that we serve. Earlier this quarter, I visited our team in Maui and witnessed firsthand the impact from the catastrophic wildfires on the island. Our hearts go out to all those who are suffering, and we’re really proud of the support we are providing, including the volunteer efforts of our employees.

Now moving to the results. Operating revenues for the third quarter were just over $6.5 billion, up nearly 5% from the same period last year and a third quarter record. Despite the recent uptick in fuel prices and other inflationary pressures, we are again profitable with net income of $240 million, excluding special items. Revenue strength was driven by solid leisure demand throughout the quarter and by managed business continuing to come in largely as expected, and Ryan will share more details with you.

But overall, demand remains healthy. As we close out this quarter and look ahead to the end of the year, we are very pleased with our accomplishments. We are running a great operation, reaching significant milestones, completing important initiatives, and delivering great customer experience enhancements. We’re making great progress on labor agreements, including yesterday’s announcement of a tentative agreement with our incredible flight attendants.

The team will walk you through many of these accomplishments. But for now, I want to talk to you about immediate actions we are taking to adapt to the current demand environment and solidify our path to operational and financial excellence. Perhaps the biggest milestone is completion of our network restoration plan in the fourth quarter of this year. Reaching this milestone has obviously been a year’s long effort and has taken heroic coordination across the entire organization.

It’s just incredibly challenging, and I am so appreciative of every single employee. It truly was a whole company accomplishment. With this behind us, however, we are set up really well to focus on optimizing our business. That starts with reflowing the fleet order book to support orderly growth.

And to that end, we just announced a new order book with our partner, Boeing, yet another milestone. This sets us up for orderly and measured growth and gives us flexibility to adapt in a dynamic environment. And we have a lot of options as we move forward, and we will plan in a way that allows us both the flexibility to move up or down and this order book, combined with opportunities to retire 700s and modernize our fleet supports that really well. Finally, as we move into 2024, we are carefully evaluating the current macro environment and post-pandemic travel behaviors to create the best possible plan for the company.

We are now planning for a sequential quarter-over-quarter decline in nominal ASMs in the first quarter 2024. This will result in capacity growth on a year-over-year basis of approximately 10% to 12%, all of which is carryover from growth this year. Note that this is a reduction from what we shared in July, which was an expectation to grow approximately 14% to 16% on a year-over-year basis. In the back half of 2024, we expect a nominal decline in seats relative to the same period in 2023.

Therefore, for the full year, our network plan will focus on absorbing current capacity, maturing development markets, and designing schedules for current travel patterns. This plan offers us the ability to redirect the teams that have worked so effectively to get us staffed and restored to now focus on better optimizing the operation. We will be relentless in our focus to wring out inefficiencies, drive productivity, increase reliability, and our goal to return margins to historic levels. We are still hard at work on both our 2024 and long-term plans, but we are building them with a priority and a focus on generating value, value for our employees, value for our customers, and of course, value for our shareholders.

And with that, I will turn the call over to Tammy.

Tammy Romo — Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Bob, and hello, everyone. First, I would like to extend another thanks to our wonderful employees for their continued hard work this year, especially in a challenging environment. Ryan and Andrew will speak to our revenue trends and operational performance, so I will jump right to cost. Beginning with fuel, our third quarter jet fuel price was $2.78 per gallon, toward the higher end of our guidance, as crude oil prices consistently rose throughout the quarter, peaking to nearly $100 per barrel in late September, and rising refinery margins added further pressure to our third quarter fuel price.

Moving into fourth quarter, we currently estimate our fuel price to be in the $2.90 to $3 per gallon range, which includes an estimated $0.19 of hedging gains. We now estimate our full year 2023 fuel price to be in the $2.85 to $2.95 per gallon range, including $0.14 of hedging gains. The total fair market value of our fuel hedge portfolio for fourth quarter through 2026 is $538 million. We added modestly to our fuel hedge position for 2026 during third quarter.

We continue to be roughly 50% hedged in 2023 and are currently 55% hedged in 2024, in line with our goal to be roughly 50% hedged in each calendar year. While we are not immune to rising oil prices, I am grateful that our hedging positions relieve some of the additional pressure. We continue to look for prudent opportunities to build out our hedge position for future years. Moving to nonfuel cost, our third quarter year-over-year CASM-X increase of 4.4% was right in line with our previous guidance range, driven primarily by higher labor rates for all employee work groups and the timing of planned maintenance expenses.

Looking ahead to fourth quarter, we currently estimate our CASM-X to decrease significantly year over year. There is a lot of noise in the year-over-year comparisons, and the magnitude of the decrease is primarily due to impacts from elevated operating expenses and lower capacity levels in fourth quarter 2022 as a result of last year’s operational disruption. Our guidance range is inclusive of wage rate increases associated with the recently announced tentative agreement with our flight attendants. You can find additional details in this morning’s press release.

Given inflationary pressures, particularly labor rates, combined with moderated capacity growth, we are expecting increased headwinds to our 2024 year-over-year cost. While we hit major milestones this year, our margins are not where they need to be, and we intend to be relentless until we deliver. We therefore plan to adapt our network and capacity plans to support both a reliable operation and improved returns on investments. Given our company’s commitment and history toward maintaining a competitive cost advantage, our goal will always be to manage costs accordingly.

Now turning to our fleet, during third quarter, we received a total of 18 -8s deliveries and retired four -700s, ending the quarter with a fleet of 817 total aircraft. And we just finalized a new order book with Boeing which funds our long-term mid-single digit growth plan and provides us the ability to phase out the -700 fleet over time. But really, it gives us just a lot of flexibility. We provided full details on the new order book in this morning’s release.

We now expect to receive 85 -8s this year and plan to retire 41 -700s. This leaves our net expected increase of 44 aircraft unchanged from our previous guidance. Taking all this into consideration, our 2023 capex outlook remains approximately $3.5 billion. Looking to 2024, reiterating what Bob shared, we are planning for capacity levels that better match the current environment.

We now expect 2024 capacity to be up 6% to 8% year over year. With our new order book, we have the fleet flexibility we need to organize the company around a disciplined financial plan, one that we can adjust up or down to adapt to the current environment. We continue to expect our five-year capital spending, on average, to be in line with our previous guidance of roughly $4 billion per year. Lastly, our balance sheet remains strong.

We are the only U.S. airline with an investment-grade rating by all three rating agencies. We have $11.7 billion in cash and short-term investments, and we continue to be in a net cash position. Year to date, we have returned more than $400 million to our shareholders through dividend payment and made debt repayments of nearly $80 million.

Closing out the , we expect to pay a modest $7 million in scheduled debt repayments and continue to expect our 2023 interest income to more than offset 2023 interest expense. Let me close by saying I am tremendously proud of our people and their hard work. As we look ahead, it is imperative we remain focused on building our 2024 plans and beyond to provide a resolute path to prosperity for our company, our employees, and our shareholders. We have a history that proves we do not rest on our laurels, and I’m confident we have all the elements needed to bring about the success you should expect from Southwest Airlines.

And with that, I will turn it over to Ryan.

Ryan Green — Chief Commercial Officer

Thank you, Tammy. I’m going to walk through a review of our third quarter revenue results, provide context for our fourth quarter outlook, and share some exciting commercial updates with you today. For additional detail on our revenue performance, please see this morning’s earnings release. Starting with third quarter.

Demand continues to be healthy. Operating revenue was a third quarter record of just over $6.5 billion. And on a year-over-year basis, operating revenue was up nearly 5%, and that’s on a tough compare period given pent-up domestic travel was still underway last year. When you compare revenue performance versus third quarter of 2019, operating revenue is up nearly 16% on 12% capacity growth.

Also, average fares were up 2.6% year over year and are up over 7% over third quarter 2019. So while we have work to do to cover our unit cost challenges, I am pleased we are moving in the right direction. The nearly 5% operating revenue growth year over year on a capacity increase of 12.5% had unit revenue or RASM declining 6.8% for the third quarter of 2023. July Fourth and Labor Day travel came right in line with our expectations.

However, bookings for non-peak August and September, while stable, came in at the lower end of our expectations. This performance aligns with fall start dates for primary and secondary schools continuing to shift earlier in much of the country. For example, in our markets, a third of schools were back in session by the second week of August, which is nearly double what it was pre-pandemic, and nearly 95% of schools were back before the Labor Day weekend. We are planning for these back-to-school trends to continue as we work on our August 2024 capacity plans.

In addition, we had multiple records set from our ancillary products and our loyalty program. We had an all-time best quarter for ancillary revenue with 24% year-over-year growth, and Rapid Rewards set a third quarter record for revenue generated from the program. New Rapid Rewards member acquisitions were a quarterly record, and the number of engaged members grew 10% on a year-over-year basis. Rapid Rewards point redemptions were up 16% compared to the same period last year, and retail spend on our co-brand Chase Credit Card was also a third quarter record.

Our customers love the benefits they get from the card as evidenced by our low cardholder attrition, which continues to be below pre-pandemic levels. Overall, we see a resilient consumer and high engagement with the Southwest Airlines brand. Consumer spending trends still favor services, particularly travel experiences, and we expect that will continue. Moving to the fourth quarter, we are seeing a continuation of healthy leisure booking demand and stable business travel patterns.

As a result, we expect a nominal sequential increase in operating revenue, resulting in record fourth quarter revenue and passengers which would bring us to three consecutive quarters of record operating revenue. October performance has been strong to date, and bookings for the holidays, as a whole, are also strong. RASM, however, continues to be impacted by higher-than-seasonally normal capacity, driven by our network restoration plan, a larger than normal investment in development markets, and business travel that, while improving, is still below historical levels. We also expect the close-in leisure trends we saw in non-peak August and September will persist into the non-holiday periods of the fourth quarter, and our guidance range does contemplate potential challenges from this year’s holiday placement, including the expectation that a portion of return travel will spill into January.

I am encouraged, however, that we have higher booked load factors for the December holiday period this year than we had at the same point last year, which indicates to me we’re not experiencing significant book away as a result of last year’s operational disruption. All in, we expect RASM in the fourth quarter to finish down 9% to 11% on a year-over-year basis on capacity up approximately 21%. Again, we are steadfastly committed to addressing RASM performance to ensure a revenue plan that is appropriate. For the current near term, we are continuing to execute a strategy of fare sale campaigns to address low demand flights with meaningful advanced purchase requirements.

This helps build load factor in suboptimal capacity without impacting higher demand flights or diluting close-in yield strength. Looking to 2024, as Bob mentioned, we will address RASM by moderating capacity to better match demand and optimizing our schedules to accommodate current travel behaviors. Our current set of strategic initiatives, including GDS participation and the new revenue management system, will also contribute incremental pre-tax profits to 2024 as they mature and hit their full run rates. Finally, we’re tireless in working to make customer experience on Southwest Airlines even better and drive even more loyalty from our customers.

Earlier this month, we announced several exciting updates, and the first involves several enhancements to our award-winning Rapid Rewards program. We will add the ability for customers to combine Rapid Reward points with cash next spring, which increases the ubiquity of our loyalty currency and makes it easier to book additional flights on Southwest Airlines. We also made it easier to reach our A-List and A-List Preferred levels in 2024 and are looking to reward our customers for their loyalty and entice them to fly with us whenever they travel. We have an imperative to win more customers and drive more travel from our most frequent travelers, and these enhancements are designed to give them even more reasons to choose Southwest Airlines.

We also launched a new product for our corporate customers last week that will help us continue to grow our market share in the managed travel space. Our new product streamlines the process to book group travel for meetings, incentives, and conventions, which is one of the fastest growing segments in the managed travel space. I’m very pleased with the response to the product so far as we already have millions of dollars in travel booked on the new tool in just the first few days. Finally, we recently introduced customer bag tracking, which gives our customers the ability to track their checked bags throughout their day of travel, both at the airport and in flight.

This improvement was one of the investments we accelerated following last December’s disruption. By providing additional transparency and information to customers about where their bags are during their travel journey, we’re elevating the travel experience and removing friction for our customers. This enhancement is an early release of our larger digital hospitality modernization plan, so congratulations to the teams that worked so hard to bring these great enhancements and solutions to market for our customers. Ultimately, we have to continue to win customers while taking into account the challenges of higher cost inputs as we build both our long-term commercial strategies and our near-term revenue plans, and we are committed to doing just that.

With that, I will turn it over to Andrew.

Andrew Watterson — Chief Operating Officer

Thank you, Ryan, and hello, everyone. I am going to wrap up our prepared remarks with a brief overview of our operational performance, an update on our winter operations action plan, and some additional details on our capacity and network plans for next year. Before I dive into those details, I want to commend both negotiating committees that worked diligently on the tentative agreement just reached with our flight attendants, which will be voted on by our employees soon. This agreement offers industry-leading compensation increases and quality-of-life enhancements.

I’m very pleased with our strong improvements in operational performance and very appreciative of our Southwest Warriors. We saw broad-based improvements in our operating metrics, which were recognized by our customers through increased trip Net Promoter Scores. Our early morning originators, turn compliance and turn differential, completion factor, mishandled bag rate, long delay rate, and on-time performance all showed substantial year-over-year improvement. If not for longer-than-anticipated block times from congestion, weather, and runway construction, our performance would have been even better.

All of this resulted in a trip Net Promoter Score that is nearly 4 points higher than last year. That is certainly driven by our proven reliability but also our customer experience initiatives, including our improved Wi-Fi. We are excited about this solid trend in the right direction. It gives us lots of reasons to be optimistic about 2024.

And speaking of the right direction, I’m excited to share an update on our winter preparedness. The disruption we had last winter was really hard on our customers and our employees. It weighs heavily on all of us here at Southwest Airlines. We have a lot of pride based on our 50-plus-year history.

So preparing to prevent something like that from happening again was and is an imperative. Of course, the disruption was triggered by an unprecedented storm that simultaneously hit several of our most critical stations, but there were many causes, not just one, that led to it. As a result, our action plan is divided into three categories: winter operations, cross-team collaboration, and accelerating operational investments, which were already on our road map, including technology. One thing that really impacted us with Elliott is a 25% of our crew are based in Denver and Chicago.

When we are unable to maintain sufficient throughput during winter operations, we can’t get our crew out into the network. When this happens, it puts great stress on our crew network, which is what happened with Elliott. So a key part of our action plan is to have more robust winter operations, so we can be confident that we get our crews out in the network to operate through bad weather. So we invested in key stations based on calculated throughput needed to maintain our crew network.

We have added de-ice pads, de-ice trucks, increased glycol storage and mixing stations, increased snow removal, heater carts, and other equipment to operate safely and effectively in winter weather. We have been conducting de-icing summer school to make sure we have plenty of ramp agents trained and ready to go for de-icing. That’s just a few examples of tangible things we have done. We are now so much better prepared for these extreme weather events.

Moving to cross-team collaboration, we now have our network planning and network operations teams under the same organization, allowing them to work together to make the best decisions quickly. We have formed a special operating group called the network disruption pod to coordinate decision-making in our control center when there are high-risk disruption events and have used this group for events this summer. Additionally, we have conducted multiple operations wide tabletop exercises, often called war games, involving winter weather scenarios to prepare our teams for the season. And we have talked a lot already about the immediate modernization of and enhancement to our systems.

Early on, there was a misconception that technology problems caused an operational disruption. It was the opposite. Operational problems caused technology problems. Since the disruption, we’ve bolstered those systems with upgrades to address the specific issues we experienced during Winter Storm Elliott.

We’re also rolling out a proprietary new system that is unique in the industry that takes a crew-first approach when developing solutions to large-scale and regular operations. I share all that detail. And really, those are just a few examples to demonstrate the level of action we have taken. We are set up better than ever and feel confident as we go into the holiday — winter holiday travel season.

Finally, I’ll wrap up by talking a little bit more about what we’re doing with capacity and the network next year to ensure that we are on a path to operational and financial excellence. Going back to April, we committed to orderly and measured growth. Stable growth helps us regain efficiency, absorb our hiring, mature our workforce, and improve our operational performance. We also have to take into consideration demand levels and travel patterns as we determine our growth and build our network.

As we develop our 2024 capacity set, we are doing exactly that. In the past couple of years, we focused on growth to restore our network and fully utilize our fleet. That, combined with business travel trends and our investments in Hawaii and new cities, has created challenges to our current unit revenue performance. Therefore, as we look to 2024, we are moderating our capacity which will allow the growth to be absorbed.

And as we shared last quarter, we are taking actions to accelerate the maturation of our developing markets and to optimize our schedules to current travel patterns. The most recent example is today’s announcement that we’re shifting the bulk of the international service in Fort Lauderdale to Orlando. This will offer better connectivity in our domestic network via the nearly 140 daily departures at MCO. We are fully committed to delivering on a plan that enables operational excellence, improves operational efficiency.

And reiterating what Bob said at the beginning of the call, that generates value for our employees, customers, and shareholders. And with that, I’ll turn it back over to Julia.

Julia Landrum — Vice President, Investor Relations

Thank you, Andrew. We have analysts queued up for questions. So a quick reminder to please keep your questions to one and a follow-up, if needed. Please go ahead and begin our analyst Q&A.

Questions & Answers:

Operator

[Operator instructions] Our first question comes from Savi Syth from Raymond James. Please go ahead with your question.

Savi Syth — Raymond James — Analyst

Hey, good afternoon. If I might, on the 2024 plan, you talked about inflationary headwinds to unit costs, and you historically don’t necessarily adjust capacity once kind of schedules are loaded. I was wondering if you could provide a little bit more color on how we should think about unit costs in 2024. Is this going to be up year over year and some of the kind of bigger drivers of the unit cost trends?

Bob Jordan — Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

This is Bob. Thanks for the question. I want to start just first with sort of just kind of where we are with the quarter. I mean, the quarter was really solid.

I mean, record operating revenues, passengers, Rapid Reward program revenues, retail spend on the card, new members in the program, so I mean just really pleased with the quarter. And obviously, another accomplishment was restoring the network and getting all of our aircraft flying. So we do have higher sequential capacity and just higher capacity general than typical. And as you know, travel patterns are changing for — while it’s still strong, they are changing for leisure, but they are also changing for business as the — we are seeing gains.

But that last 10 to 15 points of business recovery is a little bit stubborn here. So we are working on capacity. Don’t want to be slavish to capacity here. So we’re going in, and we are reducing the first quarter.

The shoulder periods are just tougher, January, February. We are not ready to talk about the whole 2024 plan. We’re working on that right now very diligently. But our overall planning capacity for the year has come down to the 6% to 8% range, which is essentially all carryover from the restoring capacity in ’23 just carrying over into ’24, but that’s going to result in things like nominal seats in the back half of next year that will actually be down as compared to 2022.

So I just want to set the — sort of lay the groundwork for how we’re thinking about capacity. It’s all about two things. It’s about maturing and absorbing the capacity that we have stored in ’23 and ’24. That’s really how we’re thinking about capacity.

As you pull down capacity, that will create pressure, obviously, on cost. It always does. We’re still working on our plan. We’re going to work both sides of the equation.

We’re going to work the cost and the efficiency plan here. We’ve got a lot of opportunity to drive out efficiencies as we slow the growth and focus on pulling down our hiring and getting folks out of training, all those kinds of things. But we’re going to work the revenue side as well. But yeah, I just would admit that it does put a little bit of pressure on our cost as we pull down capacity, always does.

Tammy, if you want to say anything.

Tammy Romo — Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

You covered everything really well, Bob. Just, Savi, to give you maybe just a little more color on where we’re seeing the obvious cost pressures, clearly, as we’ve wrapped up a lot of agreements this year with our labor group, we have seen more inflation than normal in labor. And that’s driven by the higher wage rates. And we’ve been, as you know, accruing for those throughout the year.

And then outside of labor, we’re — we’ll see some inflationary pressures in maintenance as our 800 fleet is coming off of the holiday. So just wanted you to keep that in mind as that wind down. But we are very — all that said, we are focused in on our 2024 plan. We are going to work really hard here to drive efficiencies and certainly leverage our network opportunities.

So a little premature to give you guidance for the year, but we’re going to keep working really hard on our plan here to manage our CASM-X costs going forward. And we haven’t backed off of our investor day, what we shared with you at our 2022 investor day. Our longer-term goal is to grow CASM-X in the low single-digit range, and that would be on mid-single-digit capacity growth.

Savi Syth — Raymond James — Analyst

That’s all very helpful. I appreciate that. And maybe kind of following up on that. Just on the fleet side, I know you have a contractual fleet here.

Is your goal to again take as many aircraft and then offset it with retirements? Or how should we think about the aircraft deliveries next year and maybe Boeing’s ability to meet it?

Bob Jordan — Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

Yes. Savi, the goal number one with our — and we’ve been talking about reflowing our fleet order book with Boeing. Goal number one was to just get to orderly steady growth in the fleet plan. I think, if you look at — we were stacking a lot of aircraft up that were delayed, and I think it pushed beyond, even what you saw in the plan, a delivery expectation of 143 I think in 2024, which, of course, we’re not doing.

So I’m really happy. Boeing has been a great partner. We’ve got a new fleet plan that takes us — that is very orderly. It takes us through 2031 at very attractive pricing, and there is a lot of flexibility in the new order book.

So we can flex up, and we can flex down as you see demand trends changing both ways. Just thinking about 2023, we’ve been talking about, again, taking control of the order and delivery plan and planning to that in our schedules. We plan to 70. Boeing looks like we will now be able to take 85 this year from Boeing, and we’ll just offset that directly with retirements, which, of course, is a — that’s a solid financial trade.

And then our goal next year is to take 85. Now, Tammy, do you want to add anything?

Tammy Romo — Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

You covered it all.

Bob Jordan — Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

But again, the new order is all about reflowing this so that the growth is orderly and steady, and we have access to a lot of aircraft at attractive pricing, and we have a lot of flexibility.

Savi Syth — Raymond James — Analyst

Very helpful. Thank you.

Bob Jordan — Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

You’re welcome.

Operator

Our next question comes from Catherine O’Brien from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead with your question.

Catherine OBrien — Goldman Sachs — Analyst

Hey, good morning, everyone. Thanks so much for the time. Maybe just a follow-up on the cost question, if you don’t mind. Two things.

I know you’re not prepared to talk about exact guidance on 2024, and I totally appreciate that the growth plans have changed. But I think last quarter, you said you were committed to driving costs down year over year. Are we just back at the drawing table for that? And then on the labor inflationary pressures you’re talking about, I know you’ve been accruing this year. So what’s driving that incremental into next year? Is that just wage rate increases are higher than they used to be or something else in the pay package? Thanks so much.

Tammy Romo — Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Yes. Just to give you a little more help there, it really boils down to two factors. One is we have moderated our capacity growth plans, and we are continuing to see labor rate pressure. And just to really take you maybe through our fourth quarter cost profile to help you as you sort of model for first quarter, if you exclude the 15-point year-over-year disruption-related impact to our fourth quarter CASM-X outlook, we would actually be down 1% to 4% year over year.

And as Bob mentioned earlier, in terms of our cost profile, while we’ve had some structural cost increases here, our cost advantage relative to the industry and the legacy carriers is still very much intact. But if you move sequentially from fourth quarter, the cost headwinds are stemming mostly from overall inflation, namely labor cost. That is our most significant inflationary factor. And despite the labor accruals we’ve been recording, we still expect year-over-year pressure next year from normal annual scale increases, as you would expect.

And then just beyond those labor cost pressures, we anticipate continued year-over-year cost pressure by the accelerated depreciation related to our fleet modernization efforts and already mentioned maintenance costs. So again, the key reconciling item here is the fact that we’ve moderated our capacity plans for next year, which does put further pressure to our unit cost. But we are not done with our 2024 plan, and we’re not content with our cost outlook. So we are rolling up our sleeves, and we’re going to keep working on and proving that outlook.

So that hopefully gives you a little bit more color into kind of the cost and what is sticky. And again, our focus now is on wringing out those cost inefficiencies and driving for better productivity as we moderate our growth plans next year. So we’re going to stay hard at work on managing our costs. We have a great track record in doing that, and we’re determined to manage our costs as we have for our 50-plus history.

Bob Jordan — Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

And of course, for everybody, I mean, the labor cost increases are — that’s a phenomenon we are all seeing as we all renegotiate contracts, and some of the timing is different for folks. But those are going to be costs that I think you’re going to see generally across the board. It always takes — they’re coming in a lump, and it always takes time to adapt to the higher cost structure and as you move across a period of time. The good thing is back to the network work.

We are very committed to taking network action. We had already announced last quarter a full restructuring of the network that is going to yield over $500 million in pre-tax profit contribution in 2024. Beyond that now, we’re moderating the first quarter. We’re moderating the full year.

Again, you’re going to have seats in the back half of the year that are actually going to be down nominally year over year. And all of that is designed to match the demand to the network and match the network to the demand, which should ultimately help revenue production, help RASM production.

Catherine OBrien — Goldman Sachs — Analyst

Thanks so much for that. Really helpful. Maybe just my follow-up. We’re going through another earnings season where there’s quite a lot of focus on premium products.

I guess is your view that those will still prove to be cyclical in the next downturn, whenever that might be? I guess really just interested in hearing how you’re assessing demand for premium products and what data points could change your mind on your current product offering. Thanks so much.

Bob Jordan — Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

Yeah, I’ll start, then Ryan can back clean up with me here. But it’s the — I don’t want to speak for others, and it’s always hard to predict the future. But yeah, there’s clearly an outperformance in long-haul international and premium right now. Like there was an outperformance in domestic leisure this time last year.

Typically, trends moderate. They always have been in this business for a very long time, and all things tend to sort of work their way back to a trend here. We’ll see. And if you think about Southwest Airlines, we’ve got a tremendous coach product.

We’ve got terrific seating and great rep rewards program and Wi-Fi and all kinds of amenities we’re putting in power and larger overhead bins. We just announced bag tracking. So we’re obviously enhancing our product ourselves, which is a little different than premium. But certainly, I think we have the most attractive coach product in the industry.

Maybe attached to that, we’re always looking at what our customers, our preferences are, and what they’re telling us, and we’ll always study that. And if over time, those preferences change, we’ll take a look at what that means for Southwest Airlines. Ryan?

Ryan Green — Chief Commercial Officer

Yeah. The only thing I would add is, historically, premium revenue has been one of the more cyclical items in the industry overall. So the recovery from the pandemic has been a little bit different than other periods, so we’re watching it closely. If we — if there is some shift in consumer demand here that we need to take note of and evolve the product, we will.

But I think you want to be very careful with that and study that very closely given the cyclical nature historically of premium revenue. But just like we have over our 50-year history, we listen to customers. We understand how — what they’re demanding and preferences, how those change. And we’ve evolved our product over time, and we’ll continue to do that as we go forward, as we need to.

Catherine OBrien — Goldman Sachs — Analyst

Thank you very much.

Operator

Our next question comes from Duane Pfennigwerth from Evercore ISI. Please go ahead with your question.

Duane Pfennigwerth — Raymond James — Analyst

Hey, thanks. Probably a question that’s been asked a handful of times over the last few years. I understand the plan is to get margins up over time over the long run, but is there a specific plan to get margins up in 2024? We hear a lot of pushback from investors about your unit revenue kind of exit rate, and I think folks are kind of extrapolating that into the future, and they’re having a hard time seeing that path in 2024. So what does that path look like? And what will be required to get margins up next year? And is that explicitly a plan?

Bob Jordan — Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

Yeah. Duane, obviously, that is absolutely the plan to improve margins in 2024, and we’re committed to getting back to our long-term outperformance and operating margin. We’re talking about adapting to these new cost levels that will take time, but we’re moving quickly. That is a big piece of adapting the network and matching customer demand and these new demand trends to the network that we put out for our customers, both business and leisure.

We have a lot of opportunity to wring out cost inefficiency through operating leverage, through new tools, through managing our headcount. We’ve got a lot of folks that are locked up in training as an example. As we slow our hiring and slow our growth here, that will come out in terms of costs. We have a lot of cost plays that we can make.

We’re still working on our 2024 plans. But yeah, I can assure you that a return — growth in 2024 and then a return to industry-leading margins and the margins that our shareholders expect is absolutely a commitment. Tammy? I don’t know if you want to add anything, Tammy.

Tammy Romo — Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. No, I thought that was very well said. But again, we know we have work to do, and we’re fully committed to delivering on a 2024 plan that enables our operational excellence. We’re going to drive operational efficiency, and as Bob said earlier, work both sides of the equation.

So stay tuned as we work through that. We’ll be back with more details. And I just do want to remind you, as we’ve already shared, the estimated benefit of our network optimization efforts, along with the continued maturation of our development markets. We’re still working on our plans.

And as we’ve shared, we do expect that to exceed $500 million in incremental year-over-year pre-tax profits next year. But clearly, more work ahead, and we’ll — we’re hard at work for you.

Duane Pfennigwerth — Raymond James — Analyst

Thanks. I appreciate those direct answers. But maybe just to throw out an alternative, if you can’t get your margins going in the right direction next year, if it’s more like 25% or 26%, what might you consider strategically or put on the table that hasn’t been on the table before? So if you think about things like seat assignments, base economy, bags fly free, historically, those have been sacrosanct. I mean, would there be more of an urgency to more aggressively take a look at the product and the service offering if you can’t get there next year?

Bob Jordan — Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

Yeah. I mean, again, we’re working on our 2024 plan, so we’re not ready to lay all that out. The last set of initiatives that we took you through several years ago, the $1 billion to $1.5 billion in EBIT this year are paying off, and we’ll have a next set. Some of those, I think, will make perfect sense.

We have the ability to put flights into places where we can drive, obviously operating leverage. So those flight activities come on at lower CASM rates. We have some areas where we can continue to really push the generation of revenue outside the cabin. Obviously, that centers around the Rapid Rewards program development.

And other areas, we have opportunities in terms of how we fly the aircraft and where we can drive up utilization and generate additional ASMs without having to take on capital costs on new aircraft. I’m just not — we’re just not ready to share the whole plan with you. I’m just trying to convey that we’re hard at work, and there is a lot on the table. To your specific question about things in the cabin or boarding, I would go back to what Ryan said, which is we are going to follow the lead of our customers.

And if our customers ultimately tell us that that is what they want, then that is what we will do. We’re not ready to — obviously not ready to say that today. But our customers will dictate what is important to them, whether that’s an attribute of the product or things that are around boarding in the cabin. So again, don’t read too much into that but just to understand that that is something that we are constantly taking a look at.

Duane Pfennigwerth — Raymond James — Analyst

I appreciate that. I guess over the years, you deserve the benefit of the doubt when you’re printing industry-leading margins and saying we’re going to go with what our customers want. But if you have lagging margins, it may require a harder look. But I appreciate you taking the questions.

Thank you.

Bob Jordan — Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

Yeah. I would just add — I understand. And just we will be absolutely relentless in meeting our goals. That includes driving out efficiency and productivity that includes improving the revenue side of the equation, and that includes driving ourselves back to industry-leading margins.

You have my commitment.

Duane Pfennigwerth — Raymond James — Analyst

Thank you, Bob.

Bob Jordan — Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

Thank you.

Operator

Our next question comes from Mike Linenberg from Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead with your question.

Mike Linenberg — Deutsche Bank — Analyst

Yeah. Hey, good afternoon. Two here. I guess, first one to Andrew.

If I caught you correctly, you had indicated that you were moving up your international service from Fort Lauderdale to Orlando. I mean, Fort Lauderdale, I think, has been one of your original international gateways. What were the factors that drove you to move up? I mean, I know you have a pilot domicile in Orlando, but it is a smaller local market. That seems to be a pretty meaningful move.

Andrew Watterson — Chief Operating Officer

Thanks, Mike. I appreciate the question. We — as we mentioned earlier, we were — we have relooked at our network and moved our capacity around. So it’s both the amount of capacity and the nature of the capacity.

We did both of those moves. First, we kind of were doing the nature with our reconfiguration that Tammy referenced earlier. And for Orlando, we do have a lot more northbound flights, if you will. The international destinations, even though they loom large in our mind, they actually are modest-sized markets that require a decent amount of connectivity to fill them up.

And so Orlando being a little bit further north and having more flights for Southwest Airlines north of Orlando allows us to have the good complement of the local, plus the flow. So a lot of the international destinations were to take our customer base here on vacation because we are a repeat purchase business. And so we want our network in any given location to offer chances to fly for business, to go to Orlando, to go to Vegas, to go see grandma, to go on vacation and the beach. And so sometimes, that’s nonstop.

Sometimes, that’s connecting. And for a lot of the international, it requires us to offer that as a connection for some of our kind of further northern cities. So Orlando, the combination of the local market, plus allowing us to access our big customer bases on the Upper Midwest and Northeast, makes a more network sense given scarce capacity, if you will. So net-net, that made sense.

And then also, as you mentioned, the crew base in Orlando also makes the costs to serve that go down because you’re not staging crews in down to Fort Lauderdale. So work on both sides of the equation, as Bob said, revenue and costs, it made more sense for our international anchor in the Southeast to be Orlando.

Mike Linenberg — Deutsche Bank — Analyst

Andrew, just to sort of follow up on that, like a year-and-a-half ago, two years ago when you guys talked about some of your initiatives. One of the focuses for longer term was to increase your connectivity. Is this a bit of a trial run in sort of focusing on this one market? And if it succeeds that that type of connectivity, you’ll look at applying that to other gateway cities. Is that sort of the plan here?

Andrew Watterson — Chief Operating Officer

No, I think this is — during COVID, we had a kind of — when demand was way down, and we have bigger aircraft, we don’t have a lot of RJs. We had to use more than usual connectivity to fill our aircraft. And then post-COVID, we went back to our normal, which is felt between 25% and 30% of our customers in our connecting itinerary. That’s been fairly stable, but they’re concentrated in certain areas.

They help us fill up the early and late parts of the day, and they also help us support certain geographies. So going to Hawaii, we have — we have certain gateways there that allow us to access our customers in land access Hawaii. The same thing for international. A combination of Baltimore, plus now Orlando, helps you access international from parts of our network.

So connectivity has always been the icing, not the cake, but we were very intentional about how we use it.

Mike Linenberg — Deutsche Bank — Analyst

OK, very good. And then just the second one to Ryan. When I think about the $500 million pre-tax benefits coming from various revenue initiatives, as I look at loyalty and ancillary, they were both records in the quarter. Can you give us a sense of maybe where ancillary is per passenger today, where it’s been historically? Where does that go? And any sort of rough numbers on just remuneration from loyalty, maybe the size of that program? Thanks for taking my questions.

Ryan Green — Chief Commercial Officer

Yeah, no problem. Yeah, ancillary and loyalty were both. We had several records in the third quarter, and I expect good performance here as we look forward into the fourth quarter. Ancillary revenue is significantly outpacing our passenger growth, largely on the back of our upgraded boarding benefit.

We’ve been able to increase prices there and hold on to take rates. EarlyBird as well is a strong performer. We’ve been able to increase price rate — or prices on EarlyBird, as well as some of our other ancillary products that went into effect in August. We raised prices on excess bag fees, pet fees, things like that.

So ancillary absolutely is a standout, and I think I’m expecting it to continue to exceed passenger growth in the fourth quarter. Loyalty, overall, as you — as I’m sure you’re following it, it’s a very — it’s a key part of our strategy going forward. Rapid Rewards is the most preferred loyalty program in the industry on lots of different measures, primarily because customers are able to actually use the points that they’re earning. And so that’s driving spend on the card.

Third quarter spend on the card was a record, and we expect to continue growing the program over time. We also made some additional changes to Rapid Rewards here earlier this month that I think is also going to continue to drive engagement from our customers. And it’s all about making it easier to get value out of the program for customers. We see when customers make a redemption, after that redemption, they fly us more, they spend more on their card.

It just drives further engagement with Southwest Airlines. And so doing things like adding the ability to combine cash and points, that’s all about making it easier to use Rapid Reward points, which will then, in turn, provide value back to Southwest. Same thing with lowering the tier requirements for A-List and A-List Preferred. We’re kind of bucking the industry trend there.

Our competitors are making it harder to access benefits. We’re making it easier. And again, there’s value to the consumer there, but there’s also value back to Southwest. Customers stretch to reach A-List, A-List Preferred, Companion Pass.

They fly more. They spend more on their cards as they get close to that, and so bringing those thresholds in closer makes it better for the customer, but it also drives value back to Southwest. So we’ll continue to invest in Rapid Rewards and the program and ancillary overall, and I think we’ll — we should expect to see continued growth.

Mike Linenberg — Deutsche Bank — Analyst

Thanks.

Operator

And ladies and gentlemen, we have time for one more question. We’ll take our last question from Helane Becker from TD Cowen. Please go ahead with your question.

Helane Becker — TD Cowen — Analyst

Yeah, thanks very much, operator. Hi, everybody, and thank you for the time. Just a couple of questions to follow up. With the changes in Rapid Rewards and making it easier to earn what you would call status, isn’t that kind of amounting to fare cuts across the board?

Ryan Green — Chief Commercial Officer

Amounting to fare cuts across the board?

Helane Becker — TD Cowen — Analyst

Yeah. I mean, if it makes it easier for me to redeem my points, I mean, don’t you wind up selling fewer revenue seats?

Ryan Green — Chief Commercial Officer

So the way that we’ve designed the loyalty program and the value exchange from the customer and the number of Rapid Reward points that it takes to redeem, we are — we’re indifferent whether or not the customer is flying for us on Rapid Reward points or paying cash. So we’ve taken that equation kind of off the table. The change here really is post-pandemic the same number of customers are traveling for business today than what they were before, and then leisure customers are actually up. The difference and what the gap in managed travel is, is that those individuals are flying a bit less frequently.

And so what our change to make the threshold easier to achieve is really just capitalizing on that fact, bringing the threshold in earlier. And as I was just explaining, we’ll get benefit from that, too, because more customers will be able to stretch for A-List and A-List Preferred which drives value back to us.

Helane Becker — TD Cowen — Analyst

Right. Got it. OK. That’s really helpful.

And then the other question I had for my follow-up was, I think at one point, you guided to $1 billion to $1.5 billion in EBIT contribution in 2023. But I feel like that might be — is that — I guess, is that an easier comp because of Elliott last year that you’ll be able to achieve that?

Tammy Romo — Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Helane, we’re delivering on the initiatives. And obviously, that includes things like our fleet modernization, our investments in GDS, our new revenue management system, etc. And even what just — but in terms of the initiatives, those are driving and those are tracking in line with what we’ve shared with you, and then we’re continuing to invest, as Ryan took you through. And those investments just drive more engagement from our customers that makes them more and more loyal.

So the initiatives that we’ve shared with you are driving incremental value, and we’re continuing to track in line with what we’ve shared with you. So those are actually delivering. Now, that said, we’re not — we’ve already shared with you, we’re not satisfied with where we stand now going into 2024. But as we’ve shared, we’re just not ready to lay it all out for you today, but we are working on our 2024 plan, and we’ll certainly fill in more of the answers so that you can kind of see how it all weaves together here.

So stay tuned, and more to come there.

Helane Becker — TD Cowen — Analyst

That’s really helpful. Thank you, Tammy.

Tammy Romo — Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Helane.

Julia Landrum — Vice President, Investor Relations

OK. That concludes the analyst portion of our call. I appreciate everyone joining, and have a great day.

Operator

Ladies and gentlemen, we will now begin with our media portion of today’s call. I’d like to first introduce Ms. Linda Rutherford, chief administration and communications officer.

Linda Rutherford — Chief Administration and Communications Officer

Thank you, Jamie. I’d like to welcome members of the media to our call today. Before we begin taking questions, Jamie, would you just give them instructions on how everyone can queue up?

Operator

[Operator instructions] And our first question today comes from Alexandria Skores from The Dallas Morning News. Please go ahead with your question.

Alexandria Skores — Airline Reporter

Hi. Thank you, all, for taking my question. I wanted to ask, obviously, the flight attendants reached their tentative agreement yesterday, and pilots were picketing at headquarters today. So I kind of wanted to ask a little bit about — I know that NMB has meetings scheduled with you all throughout November.

What — can you give us a sense of when a pilots’ deal may come and what the time frame might look like on that? Thanks.

Bob Jordan — Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

Alexandra, I just want to — I’ll answer your question, I promise, but I just wanted to say I’m grateful, we all are, that we have a tentative agreement with our awesome flight attendants. There’s still more work to do. The union is working on materials and training and then — so they can get the information out to our flight attendants here quickly so that they can then vote. But I’m just real pleased with the milestone.

Obviously, we’ve had a really good 12 months. I think that’s our eighth agreement in 12 months, and we are committed to finishing up the others. Our swap agreement — our swap negotiations are continuing. There’s progress.

I believe, Andrew, we’re meeting every week. But obviously, we’ve got to get it over the finish line. I don’t know, would you like to add?

Andrew Watterson — Chief Operating Officer

I think I’ve been really encouraged over the last couple of months with both the pace and quality of negotiation meeting every week. Sometimes that’s with the mediators, and sometimes that’s without the mediators. And so we’ve made — we’ve also had enhanced leadership negotiation from both sides and leadership presence on negotiations from both sides, and that’s worked out really well. Our mediators have been quite active.

And so we have to have both sides agree to get to a deal, so no one side can predict when it’s going to finish. But we’ve made substantial progress with a small but a difficult list of things remaining to close out. And I have confidence in our team and the SWAPA and negotiating committed to be able to do that in a timely fashion. The mediator has — barring no government shutdown, more dates for us throughout the rest of this month and next month.

And I also would say that the also negotiations with our ramp union, TWU 555. And so hope to be engaged with them here in the next couple of weeks for next step there. So we can — that would then be the last deal for us to close out.

Alexandria Skores — Airline Reporter

Yeah. That was my second question was TWU 555, I understand they reached an agreement, but it doesn’t seem like there was a ratification announcement. So I’m wondering if you all can give an update there.

Andrew Watterson — Chief Operating Officer

That was a month or so ago. I can’t recall exactly, Bob. But they’ve voted that one down. Their union, as most unions do, follow up with the surveys to understand where the frontline workers, the members did not like the proposed agreement.

Based on that feedback, the union will develop a slate of changes. We will do that on our side as well, and then we’ll get back together in early to mid-November to talk about next steps with them for the next round. We’re not in mediation with that. We have, I think, very productive negotiations without mediators with the 555, and we expect that to continue.

Alexandria Skores — Airline Reporter

Great. Thank you, all.

Operator

Our next question comes from Leslie Josephs from CNBC. Please go ahead with your question.

Leslie Josephs — Airline Reporter

Hi, everyone. Just curious about your discounting strategy. I know you have fare sales frequently, but it seems like the fares are pretty low currently. Could you kind of put that into context with previous fare sales and how that compares and how you’re thinking about the fourth quarter?

Bob Jordan — Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

Yeah. Hey, Leslie, we do — we are finishing up restoration here, and so we do have more seats to fill. I would characterize our promotional activity as being slightly more than normal. It’s definitely not a tectonic shift from how promotional we have been historically, but there is a little bit more.

When we have been — as we have put those fare sales out there, we use some fairly sophisticated tactics and strategies to be very surgical in where we drive the demand. So oftentimes, those sale fares — well, always, those sale fares are available when we have distressed inventory to sell, and we keep the higher-demand flights. The promotion is not applicable on the higher-demand flights, so it allows us to drive load without diluting yields. Yeah, I would just also point out to relative to your comment on really low fares out there, the fares — our average fare in the third quarter was up 2.6%.

So if we were being — if we were having to overly discount, you wouldn’t expect average fares to be up. So I think the strategy overall is working as designed. We’ve got a lot of seats to fill. We’re selling our distressed inventory through discounting and protecting our higher-yield flights.

Leslie Josephs — Airline Reporter

And are there any specific routes or regions where you’re seeing you’re having to discount more or even times of the week or month or recent months?

Ryan Green — Chief Commercial Officer

It’s less about the markets in different geographies and more about travel patterns today. Tuesdays and Wednesdays are tougher. Shoulder periods of the day are tougher, and so that inventory is a little — that’s where a lot of the discounting is actually happening. We’re adapting to those travel patterns and trends as we move forward here with our network optimization, starting after the first of the year to reduce some shoulder flying, reduce — further reduce some Tuesday, Wednesday flying to help address that.

But it’s more that than it is particular geographies.

Leslie Josephs — Airline Reporter

Thank you.

Operator

Our next question comes from Mary Schlangenstein from Bloomberg News. Please go ahead with your question.

Mary Schlangenstein — Airline Reporter

Hi. Thank you very much. I was going to ask a question about how you are adjusting capacity to help with the reshaping of the business travel and the way it hasn’t come back as you expected. And Ryan may have just answered that question, but I wanted to see if you could put a little bit more specifics out there on those adjustments, days of weeks, times of days, cutting frequencies, things like that.

Bob Jordan — Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

Yeah. Mary, I’ll talk, and then Andrew and Ryan can finish. Obviously, correct me. But yeah, that really is why we are making the — both the network adjustment and optimization that we had already announced that is in the first quarter that’s worth over $500 million in profit next year and then this new set of capacity adjustments, both in the first quarter and then throughout 2024 in the nonpeak period.

It’s really about the shoulder periods — the nonpeak periods being more shoulder than before. So for example, some of that was backfilled by business travel, which, again, business travel is rising for us. It’s just steady. It’s just not fully recovered to pre-pandemic levels.

But as an example, this reduction in January and February of 2024 next quarter, that is really all — that’s as much about matching new business travel demand trends and patterns as it is anything. So that carries through 2024, but yes.

Andrew Watterson — Chief Operating Officer

You heard Bob, Mary, this is Andrew, say that overall business travel is down maybe 10% or 15% versus 2019, so it’s not like a guardrail-to-guardrail move. It’s just more a modest recalibration on network. So it is geared less — a little bit less toward business, a little bit more toward leisure or mixed leisure business. Tuesday, Wednesday, which historically has been a more business travel-heavy day, will be much lower versus kind of Monday, Thursday, Friday.

So that was one big part of it. And also, if you look at certain cities, if you look at the route combinations, some routes would have predominantly business travel on it. And so we’ve replaced those routes in those cities, ones that have kind of either pure leisure or a mix of leisure and business. So it’s really a modest adjustment of the portfolio of routes, as well as a kind of Tuesday, Wednesday reduction in overall capacity.

Bob Jordan — Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

Great. Thank you very much.

Operator

Our next question comes from David Slotnick from TPG. Please go ahead with your question.

David Slotnick — Senior Aviation Business Reporter

Hi. Thanks for the question. I was wondering if you could just expand a little bit on the lower-than-expected close-in bookings. Do you think this is a lengthening of the booking curve again, sort of a return to the pre-pandemic booking trends? Or is this a one-off that maybe has something to do with the present environment? Thanks.

Andrew Watterson — Chief Operating Officer

Yeah. Hey, David, I would just characterize it as we are moving back toward more pre-pandemic norms. Of course, managed business travel remains down relative to pre-pandemic levels. It’s — the baseline in managed business is kind of slow and steady recovery, and we’re picking up market share with our initiatives in the managed business space.

And so we feel good about that. But when you turn to the leisure piece of this, there is still more close-in leisure today than there was pre-pandemic, but it is not at the level of what we saw earlier this year at the end of last year. So, I think it’s more of a reversing of trends here back to norms as kind of return to office trends and things like that also begin to change here a bit. I called it out in my prepared remarks.

But specifically, in the third quarter, there’s other things that would have impacted close-in leisure. The school calendar changes are pretty significant in August specifically. And a third — in our markets, a third of schools were back in session the second week of August. That’s double what it was pre-pandemic.

And anybody that has kids, you usually don’t travel the week before your kids go back to school. So that kind of wipes almost all of August out there for a third of travel in our market. So there’s some things moving around in the macro environment that’s impacting it. But I think, just generally characterizing, we’re kind of reverting back to norms.

Ryan Green — Chief Commercial Officer

And, David, at the risk of being redundant, which I probably am, all of these things are about tweaking the network and the business for new demand trends and behaviors that are caused by things like business being just below and not fully recovered or new trends coming out of the pandemic. There — it’s not about there is a demand problem. So again, Southwest, we’re seeing, again, record operating revenues, record passengers, record Rapid Rewards participation on revenues, record retail spend on our card, record new members, on and on and on, and we’re expecting record operating revenues and passengers again in the fourth quarter. So it’s not as if we’re not generating demand.

Southwest is generating a strong demand. It’s about getting that aligned more precisely with the new travel patterns and also just absorbing the rapid growth that we saw because we restored our network here in the back half of the year. And that just drove sequentially more seats, more capacity than normal. And now it’s time to mature that, absorb that, which is really why we’re stepping down and slowing our growth rate in ’24 so that we can take the time to do that.

But I just want to point out, to me, a lot of this is — while there’s work to do, a lot of this is tweaking and adjusting to the new trends. It’s not about we have a demand problem.

David Slotnick — Senior Aviation Business Reporter

Got it. Thanks. And then just following up, you excluded the holidays specifically when you mentioned this during your prepared remarks. What’s the booking curve looking like for that? Where do you think we are in the curve sort of right now?

Ryan Green — Chief Commercial Officer

Yeah, holiday bookings are strong. I made the comment earlier that if you look at where we sit today versus last year at this point in the curve for the December holiday period, specifically, were booked ahead, which I think is a vote of confidence that customers are beyond our operational disruption, and we’re not suffering any sort of demand weakness for the December holiday period. And I would just characterize the Thanksgiving period as strong as well. We’ve got a lot of capacity here over the — in the fourth quarter that we’ll have to absorb, but I’m pleased with how the holidays are booking.

David Slotnick — Senior Aviation Business Reporter

Thank you very much.

Operator

And our next question comes from — is a follow-up from Mary Schlangenstein from Bloomberg News. Please go ahead with your question.

Mary Schlangenstein — Airline Reporter

Thanks. I appreciate the extra question. I wanted to ask, in the order book, the new order book that you laid out today, you’re taking an additional aircraft — over 200 additional aircraft over that time frame. And I wanted to see if you would comment on why you decided to do that now because it hasn’t been that long since you placed an order for MAXs?

Bob Jordan — Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

Yeah. Mary, I’ll start, and then Tammy can add on. But I think it’s really about a couple of things. Again, we — the delivery — Boeing is a great partner.

We’ve all suffered supply chain and other issues, so the delivery challenges have just pushed a lot of aircraft forward, and we just want to make sure we got back through. Let’s clean all that up, and let’s get back to where we — the order book reflects orderly and appropriate growth. So that’s why you see a pretty normal sort of 80, 85, 90 number year to year to year to year. That was number one.

Let’s just clean all this up. Number two, the aircraft — the new aircraft market is tight, and we want to ensure that we have access to aircraft into the future. And we’ve done that through 2031. We want to make sure that we locked in very attractive pricing, which we have with Boeing, again, as a great partner, and we’ve accomplished that.

And then last, again, sort of — there’s been more variability in our industry that I think I’ve ever seen. And so because of that, you just need to make sure you’ve got plenty of flexibility, and that’s flex up, and that’s flex down. If you look at the level of options and other things, we have plenty of opportunity to move those annual numbers up and down as demand dictates. So it was really — it was as much about sort of taking the uncertainty out of the future but also walking up access to those aircraft that attracted pricing.

Tammy?

Tammy Romo — Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. You hit it all, Bob. Yeah, we’re very thrilled to have wrapped up our discussions with Boeing. It’s everything Bob covered.

And certainly, one of our key initiatives, just to add on, is our fleet modernization efforts. So again, we believe this order book supports our quarterly growth plan, and our fleet modernization initiative provides significant flexibility for us and also gives us a great path to retire our -700 fleet over the coming years. So we are just thrilled to have a cost-effective order book that meets our needs going forward.

Mary Schlangenstein — Airline Reporter

Great. Thank you very much.

Tammy Romo — Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Mary.

Operator

And ladies and gentlemen, this will conclude our question-and-answer session. I’d like to turn the floor back over to Ms. Rutherford for any closing remarks.

Linda Rutherford — Chief Administration and Communications Officer

Thank you, all, for being with us. Members of the media, if you have any follow-up questions, you can obviously reach out to our communications team at (214) 792-4847 or on our media website at swamedia.com. Thanks so much for joining us.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 0 minutes

Call participants:

Julia Landrum — Vice President, Investor Relations

Bob Jordan — Executive Vice President, Corporate Services

Tammy Romo — Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Ryan Green — Chief Commercial Officer

Andrew Watterson — Chief Operating Officer

Savi Syth — Raymond James — Analyst

Catherine OBrien — Goldman Sachs — Analyst

Duane Pfennigwerth — Raymond James — Analyst

Mike Linenberg — Deutsche Bank — Analyst

Helane Becker — TD Cowen — Analyst

Linda Rutherford — Chief Administration and Communications Officer

Alexandria Skores — Airline Reporter

Leslie Josephs — Airline Reporter

Mary Schlangenstein — Airline Reporter

David Slotnick — Senior Aviation Business Reporter

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