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BJ’s Restaurants (BJRI 2.16%)
Q4 2023 Earnings Call
Feb 15, 2024, 5:00 p.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good afternoon, and welcome to the BJ’s Restaurants fourth quarter 2023 earnings release conference call. [Operator instructions] Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Rana Schirmer, director of SEC reporting. Please go ahead.
Rana Schirmer — Director of Securities and Exchange Commission Reporting
Thank you, operator. Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to our fiscal 2023 fourth quarter investment — investor conference call and webcast. After the market close today, we released our financial results for our fiscal 2023 fourth quarter. You can view the full text of our earnings release on our website at www.
bjsrestaurants.com. I will begin by reminding you that our comments on the conference call today will contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Investors are cautioned that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. These statements are based on management’s current business and market expectations, and our actual results could differ materially from those projections in the forward-looking statements.
We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements or to make any other forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, unless required to do so by the securities laws. Investors are referred to the full discussion of risks and uncertainties associated with forward-looking statements contained in the company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We will start today’s call with prepared remarks from Greg Levin, our chief executive officer and president; and Tom Houdek, our chief financial officer. After which, we will take your questions.
And with that, I will turn the call over to Greg Levin. Greg?
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Rana. BJ’s delivered another quarter of positive comparable restaurant sales and year-over-year margin expansion as we continue to benefit from the strategies we shared at our investor day in November. These strategies are focused on driving sales through our familiar made brewhouse fabulous culinary initiative, our people initiative around hospitality and gold standard level of operational excellence, and a welcoming contemporary ambiance to our remodel initiative. Our overall strategy also encompasses margin expansion through productivity and cost savings initiatives.
Taken together and with successes already evident on many of these fronts, we have established a solid foundation for future restaurant growth and enhancements of shareholder value. From a fourth quarter sales perspective, comparable restaurant sales were positive 0.6%, which was our 11th consecutive quarter of beating the industry as measured by Black Box. We expanded our restaurant margins to 14.4%, representing an increase of 150 basis points from the prior year and generated adjusted EBITDA of more than $27 million in the quarter. Our margin improvement results compared to last year are even more impressive in that fiscal 2022 was a 53-week year and included $3.2 million related to a one-time gain in gift card breakage in the fourth quarter.
Therefore, excluding these benefits from last year, our restaurant-level margins improved by 270 basis points, and adjusted EBITDA increased by approximately 40% year over year in the fourth quarter. For the fiscal 2023 full year, adjusted EBITDA increased to approximately $104 million, an increase of more than 30% on a reported basis and more than 40% from last year when adjusting for gift card breakage and the 53rd week that benefited fiscal 2022. While Tom will discuss this in more detail, the margin improvement initiatives that generated strong results in 2023 will continue to yield further benefits in 2024. We expect restaurant-level margins to expand again this year and increase from our fourth quarter exit rate in the mid-14 percentages — percentage points and further close the gap to pre-pandemic levels, consistent with what we outlined in our investor day presentation in November.
Our familiar made brewhouse fabulous culinary strategy began this past July as we rolled out our smaller menu, removing some of the noncore menu items that added complexity. While it can be difficult to grow comp sales with fewer menu items in the short term, this is the right approach to move BJ’s forward and allow for new menu innovation while improving execution and team member satisfaction. In this regard, our new familiar made brewhouse fabulous items are moving the business forward. Our October Pizookie dessert have the highest incidence rate of any seasonal Pizookie and our Surf-n-Turf Combo increased our overall entree incidence and added approximately $300 to our weekly sales average during the promotion period.
We shared with the investment community in November our three-year culinary strategy, which includes upgrading 50% of our menu to have a more visual wow for our guests, ongoing investment in our core workforce items, and further innovation around 20% of our menu, focused on value and price point. The changes we made to the menu are resonating with our team and workflow, allowing us to improve overall execution. In Q4, our team member retention improved for both hourly team members and managers compared to the prior year and are now better than pre-COVID levels, bringing added stability and less training time and costs to our business. In fact, our retention was better than our casual dining peers, which has created tremendous synergy in our restaurants, bench strength, and career advancement opportunities.
This synergy has led to improved Net Promoter Scores and again reduced training and overtime costs, helping to move our restaurant margins in the right direction. Through our research, we know that a key differentiator in full-service restaurants is ambiance. Guests want a contemporary, relevant atmosphere that complements our team members’ gracious hospitality and BJ’s delicious food. In fiscal 2023, We completed 36 remodels and expect to do at least 20 remodels this year.
We believe we have about 130 more restaurants that can use one aspect of our remodel program. And with several quarters of data in hand following other remodels, we know this approach helps drive sales and traffic. By the end of 2024, we expect half of our restaurants will either be remodeled or be our newer, lighter prototype. While the best way for us to continue our margin growth is by driving top-line sales since every additional sales dollar leverages the fixed elements of our cost structure, we also laid out a plan last year to identify at least $25 million of four-wall cost savings opportunities that will benefit our restaurant operating margins while maintaining our quality standards.
We have now unlocked over $35 million of cost savings on an annualized basis as we reduced food, labor, and operating and occupancy costs. Going into fiscal ’24, we expect to find additional savings that will further contribute to our initiatives to move restaurant-level margins higher. We also continue to open new restaurants in a balanced manner and make sure our portfolio is optimized to continue driving the best return for our shareholders. In 2023, we opened five new restaurants, including the relocation of our Chandler, Arizona restaurant.
Our restaurants open since 2021 are doing exceptionally well with weekly sales average of more than $130,000 or approximately 10% higher than our system average with restaurant-level margins in the mid to upper teens on an annual run-rate average. Going into 2024, we plan to reduce the investment cost for new builds by approximately $1 million, which will bring down our investment costs to around $6.1 million, net of landlord allowances. At the same time, we are working on further refining our prototype with the goal of reducing our investment costs by another $500,000. Our long-term cadence in this business is to drive top-line sales in the 8% to 10% range through a combination of 5%-plus unit growth and comparable restaurant sales in the low to mid-single digits.
At the same time, we continue to expand margins through sales leverage and productivity and savings initiatives. Our continuous focus on optimizing the business and solid financial cadence generates significant free cash flow which we can translate into enhanced shareholder value. Based on our new restaurant performance, we know that BJ’s is a welcome concept by guests throughout the U.S., and this provides us the opportunity to double our footprint over time. However, as we’ve always said, we are going to do it with the right quality and at the right investment cost to continue to drive strong new restaurant investment returns that maximizes shareholder value.
To that point and as we continue to focus on reducing our investment costs and our new restaurants, we now plan to open three restaurants this year. We are targeting total capex in the $70 million range, net of tenant improvement allowances, including remodeling at least 20 restaurants this year. We expect to generate over $40 million of cash flow this year that we can use to enhance shareholder value through share repurchases or debt reduction. Our strong EBITDA growth and free cash flow profile will provide solid earnings growth for our shareholders as we are increasingly confident in our strategy to grow sales, expand margins, open new restaurants at the right pace, and return capital to our shareholders.
To this point, as we announced today, our board of directors has approved an increase of $50 million to our share repurchase plan. Now let me turn it over to Tom to provide a more detailed update from the quarter and current trends. Tom?
Tom Houdek — Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Greg, and good afternoon, everyone. I will provide details of the quarter and some forward-looking views. Please remember, this commentary is subject to the risks and uncertainties associated with forward-looking statements as discussed in our filings with the SEC. For the fourth quarter, we generated sales of $324 million, which was 6% less than last year on a reported basis and 2% higher when removing the benefits of the 53rd week and the $3.2 million of gift card breakage from last year’s results.
On a comparable restaurant basis, Q4 sales increased by 0.6% over the prior year. From a weekly sales perspective, we averaged approximately $115,000 per restaurant. Our strong and efficient restaurant execution, as Greg just outlined, in conjunction with our cost savings from our margin improvement initiatives, helped BJ’s again improve margins in the quarter. Our restaurant-level cash flow margin was 14.4% in Q4, which was 150 basis points better than a year ago on a reported basis.
When adjusting for gift card breakage and the 53rd week, our restaurant-level cash flow margin was nearly 300 basis points higher than last year, demonstrating again the benefits of our ongoing initiatives to drive sales and efficiencies. As a result, our restaurant-level cash flow dollars continued to improve, and we were in line with 2019 Q4 levels. Adjusted EBITDA was $27.3 million and 8.4% of sales in the fourth quarter. Q4 EBITDA beat the prior year by $8 million with a margin that was 220 basis points higher when again excluding the gift card breakage benefit and 53rd week from 2022.
We reported net income of $8.1 million and diluted net income per share of $0.34 on a GAAP basis for the quarter, which were approximately twice the levels from a year ago, even before adjusting for gift card breakage and the 53rd week. For more detail on sales trends, overall casual dining industry sales, as measured by Black Box, decelerated starting in November, and our sales patterns follow the industry. We made certain strategic decisions in Q4 to drive profitable sales, including changing our Veterans Day promotion, which benefited margins but weighed on November comp sales. We also reduced promotional spend for off-premise starting in November which benefited margins at the expense of some off-premise sales.
Our on-premise business remains our strongest, most profitable, and most differentiated channel with comp sales up low single digits in the quarter. BJ’s is an experiential brand, and as such, we intend to direct the majority of our focus on growing our on-premise business. This is where guests can experience the energy of our restaurants, which is elevated by our remodeling investments, along with our gold standard level of service, great food served fresh from our kitchens, and innovative drinks prepared by our bartenders. We believe that driving a strong on-premise experience creates more affinity for the brand that over time will help drive the off-premise business.
Late night is our best-performing daypart with comp sales of positive low to mid-single digits in Q4. Our late-night authority is an established core competitive advantage for BJ’s. We reinforced this daypart by adding back more operating hours in 2023 and through our remodel program with a focus on the bar statement while continuing to create and serve innovative and creative brewhouse fabulous food and drinks. Moving to more recent trends.
Restaurant sales in the first six weeks of 2024 have been materially impacted by storms and winter weather, along with the continuation of a more cautious consumer. Each week has had some degree of inclement weather that has kept guests at home. The first six weeks, comp sales are down mid-single digits in aggregate. Looking ahead in the quarter and assuming that the worst of the winter weather is behind us, we expect comp sales to improve and full-year comp sales in the negative low single-digit area for Q1.
Despite the challenging weather to start the year for the industry, we continue to beat the casual dining trends when compared to Black Box. In fact, our quarter-to-date comp sales is approximately 250 basis points ahead of the industry through the first couple of weeks of February. Turning to margins, we realized additional cost savings in the fourth quarter. We have now eliminated more than $35 million of costs on an annualized basis, which is $10 million higher than our original target, allowing us to expand our restaurant-level margins to the mid-14% in Q4.
As a reminder, our fourth quarter margins generally serve as a good proxy for our average margins throughout the year, and I would suggest using Q4 margins as a starting point for modeling full-year 2024 margins. We are encouraged by our continued progress in closing the gap to our 2019 restaurant margins of 16% and maintain our confidence in being able to meet and then surpass historical margin levels. Moving to expenses. Our cost of sales was 25.5% in the quarter, which was 130 basis points favorable compared to a year ago and 40 basis points favorable compared to the prior quarter.
Food costs were down about 1% quarter over quarter with new meat program sourcing driving down costs and more than offsetting inflation on other items. Food cost inflation was approximately 1% for the 2023 full-year period and would have been approximately 300 basis points higher without our savings initiatives. Labor and benefits expenses were 36.5% of sales in the quarter, which was 30 basis points favorable compared to the fourth quarter of last year. We made further strides improving our labor efficiency, which when driven, in part, by our simplified menu that requires less kitchen prep hours.
A number of the labor efficiency metrics we track, including items per labor hour, were better this quarter than pre-COVID levels, illustrating the high level our restaurant teams are operating at, as well as the effectiveness of our cost savings initiatives to date with respect to refining and optimizing our labor model. Occupancy and operating expenses were 23.6% of sales in the quarter, which was 10 basis points unfavorable compared to the fourth quarter of last year. We increased our marketing spend by 20 basis points from Q4 of last year to build additional awareness and drive traffic to our restaurants. G&A was $21.7 million in the fourth quarter.
Included in G&A was more than $600,000 in deferred compensation expense linked to fund performance in our deferred compensation plan, compared to $100,000 benefit in Q3. As a reminder, this is a non\cash item and has an offsetting entry in the other income and expense line in our P&L. We also had extraordinary legal expenses of approximately $800,000 in the fourth quarter. The combination of these two items pushed our full year G&A to $82 million, which was at the high end of our original guidance.
Turning to the balance sheet. We ended the fourth quarter with net debt of $39 million, which was $9 million lower than the end of Q3 due to our growing free cash flow. We ended Q4 with a debt balance of $68 million and a cash balance of $29 million, each of which was up from the end of Q3. Also, during the quarter, we continued to return capital to our shareholders through our share repurchase program.
These share repurchases reflect management’s belief that BJ’s shares represent a fantastic value and our confidence in BJ’s longer-term growth prospects. During the fourth quarter, we repurchased and retired approximately 263,000 shares of common stock at a cost of $6.7 million. Reflecting our strong and increasing operating cash flow, the board of directors has approved an expansion of the share repurchase program by $50 million. As a result, we currently have approximately $61 million available under our authorized $550 million share repurchase program.
Total 2023 capex was $98 million after related asset proceeds. Included in capex was $5 million related to the timing of payments for 2022 projects. Excluding this $5 million related to 2022 projects, capex of $93 million was in our plan range, which includes the five new restaurants opened in 2023 and 36 restaurant remodels. Also in the fourth quarter, we closed an underperforming restaurant which required a noncash write-off in the losses and disposal — loss on disposals and impairment of asset line.
As I said previously, we expect Q1 comp sales in the negative low single digits due, in part, to the impact from the wet winter weather through the first six months of the quarter. Factoring in recent trends and near-term expectations, we expect restaurant-level cash flow margins to be in the 13% to low 13% range in Q1, accounting for the deleverage during the weather-impacted weeks. We do still expect to grow margins in Q1 year over year despite the top-line impact from weather. We then expect to continue expanding margins throughout the year as we grow sales through strategic initiatives and make additional progress on our margin improvement initiatives.
Our goal is to close the gap to 2019 margins and finish the year with an exit rate approaching 16% restaurant-level cash flow margins. For 2024, we are expecting food cost inflation in the flat to low single-digit area and labor inflation in the mid to upper single digits. For 2024, we are targeting G&A in the $82 million to $84 million area. We are limiting our planned capex spend to approximately $70 million, net of tenant improvement allowances, which includes three new restaurants and 20 existing restaurant remodels.
Consistent with the strategy outlined during our November investment — investor day, we continue to take a disciplined approach to capital allocation and new restaurant growth relative to new restaurant costs with our overall restaurant economics guiding the timing for accelerated growth and related capital expenditures. This approach serves BJ’s, its guests, and shareholders well while also allowing us to use our growing cash flows to enhance shareholder value through additional share repurchases and debt reduction. Following our Brookfield, Wisconsin opening scheduled for April, the two additional new restaurants planned for fiscal 2024 will be our new prototype, which is designed to cost approximately $1 million less to build than our recent new restaurants. In conclusion, with significant and improving cash flows from operations, expanding margins, and a healthy balance sheet, we have the financial flexibility to execute multiple initiatives to enhance shareholder value.
We are focused on delivering value to shareholders through sales and productivity initiatives and on our disciplined approach to capital allocation, including for new restaurant openings and restaurant remodels, which both continue to generate strong economic returns. We have a clear path to sales and margin growth ahead, and our long-term strategy and strong consumer appeal for the BJ’s concept position us well to continue building on our successes and enhancing shareholder value. Thank you for your time today, and we’ll now open up the call to your questions. Operator?
Questions & Answers:
Operator
[Operator instructions] Our first question today comes from Tyler Prause with Stephens, Inc. Please go ahead.
Tyler Prause — Stephens, Inc. — Analyst
Hey, thanks for taking the question. Could you please walk us through the same-store sales components that include traffic mix and price? And how should we think about price flowing through in fiscal year ’24?
Tom Houdek — Chief Financial Officer
Sure. So in the fourth quarter, we had around 7% to 8% of pricing, and that’s about what flowed through to — check — a little bit less on — check — in the mid-7s. So traffic was down about 6%. So that — those are kind of the components that built up to the 0.6% of comp in Q4.
Looking forward to the — to 2024, we will be taking less price. So if you think of the pricing carried in Q1, it’s more in the 5% to 6% range after a lower pricing round in January, and we expect that to continue to come down as the year progresses.
Tyler Prause — Stephens, Inc. — Analyst
Great. Thanks. And at the investor day, you mentioned an opportunity to grow your brand awareness as you’re about 12% unaided awareness versus your peer set of about 20% to 40% Can you talk a little bit more about what you’re doing to close this gap and what we might see in 2024?
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, this is Greg. Great question. We will be actually increasing more on the media side, both on linear and connected TV, in some specific markets. So last year, really at the end of the third quarter, was our first time going on television, actually, even in Southern California in a few years.
So we’re going to end up having two flights, one in Q2 and then one the second half. Our flights will start more in the kind of April timeframe of this year, and we’ve added — actually added in another market as well. That will be more on the connected TV, which is the Hulu and the streaming services versus linear TV.
Tyler Prause — Stephens, Inc. — Analyst
Very helpful. Thanks. And just one final follow-up here. Appreciate the unit growth guidance of three units in 2024.
How should we be thinking about closures for the year?
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, we’re probably looking somewhere in the one to two closures for the year. As we continue to look at leases that are expiring or continue to make sure we want to optimize our portfolio. We’ve said this before, I think we said at the investor day, BJ’s has been a concept that has never gone out and open 30 restaurants and then three years later said we’re closing 20 of the 30. We’ve got a really good list of assets.
And the ones that we’ve closed this year actually were coming to the end of their lease terms or in one case was one of our smaller restaurants. So as we continue to look toward next year, there’s only a few that are coming toward the end of their lease term. And as a result, I think it would be one to two that we would close.
Tyler Prause — Stephens, Inc. — Analyst
Very good. That’s all for me. Thank you.
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
The next question is from Alex Slagle with Jefferies. Please go ahead.
Alex Slagle — Jefferies — Analyst
Hey, thanks. Hey, guys. I want to dive in a little more to your capital allocation views and how you’re weighing the various options at your disposal. Clearly, buyback is on the table with the new $50 million authorization, and it sounds like you’re continuing to push ahead, maximize the new store return profile for accelerating growth a bit more.
So curious some of the things you’re looking at on that front to continue to drive the new store build cost down and drive the more profitable high-returning investment profile.
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Alex, so first of all going into this year, we had two restaurants, one of the restaurants, the bid just came back high. Frankly, it was a lot more site work that we would have needed to do, and we decided to push that one for the time being. And then one of our other restaurants will be one of our — will be a newer prototype out in the Arizona market. So that pushed it.
And as we looked going into this year, maybe where the consumer is, felt that instead of trying to move some forward from our real estate pipeline, we have a pretty full real estate pipeline, we would end up just letting those go into 2025, giving us a little bit more free cash flow going into this year to do our share repurchases or debt repurchases — or debt payments, I should say. As we continue to look at our restaurants, we have different elevations in our restaurants. We still have certain amount of rounded areas versus right angles and so forth that we believe can allow us to remove some additional costs. At the same time, one of the things that we’ve learned going through our — kind of our concept essence strategy on our business understanding why guests come to us, that visual is so important for us.
It’s such a differentiator. So we want to make sure we hold to the bar statement. We want to make sure we hold to a certain portion of our line and have the very — the larger varied menu that play into it. But there are some other elements that will allow us to reduce our costs and make sure that as we continue to build BJs forward, we have the right investment profile that generates the right return.
Alex Slagle — Jefferies — Analyst
OK, and on the remodels, I’m curious if you think the next batch are going to be as high returning as the 36 you did in ’23, which were really good ones, I think.
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
I believe we have some really good ones slated for this year, still some high-volume restaurants that over time have gotten tired. They have — they’re darker. As we said, we want to really lighten them up. So as we look through and go through our 20-plus, they are based on their sales volumes.
So there’s still a lot of high sales volumes in there, as well as the age, and frankly, the cash flow that they’re generating and the amount of life left on the lease. So I’m excited for those ones. And one of the things that we talked about before, we have learned as we went through the remodel program, that doing the bar statement and some of the other visual cues are more important versus just adding a booth remodel or expand capacity that we’ve done in the past. So this gives us actually a little bit more of a targeted remodel that I guess we’ll see versus some of the remodels we did last year that are really around that dining room three area.
Alex Slagle — Jefferies — Analyst
Got it. Thanks. Appreciate it.
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
The next question is from Brian Bittner with Oppenheimer. Please go ahead.
Brian Bittner — Oppenheimer and Company — Analyst
Thanks. Hey, guys. As we look back at the investor day in November, you did issue a long-term algorithm to grow your EBITDA by 12% to 15% annually over time. And as we look into ’24, it clearly seems like you have the margin momentum in your favor going into this year.
But this algorithm on the EBITDA, it’s also predicated on low to mid-single digit comps, which clearly are looking like there’s just less visibility there. So when you kind of put together the puts and takes on ’24, do you think it is positioned to be an algorithm year for EBITDA? Do you think we’re safe thinking about the long term working in 2024?
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. I think, Brian, on that specifically, think about the November investor day, and we’ve said this, and that is we need to drive sales, we need to improve margins and that provides that opportunity to maximize our optimized new restaurant growth. And you’re absolutely right. I think the margin improvement initiative is working well for us.
We have more savings that are coming this year. But just frankly, the fact that we have seasoned team members are operating better and supply chains have normalized, we’re expecting margin expansion and expecting to keep our EBITDA going forward and growing year over year. As we start this year, we’ve seen the weather impact. And as we look at the first part of January, there’s been some weeks where our comp sales have been low single digits positive.
And there’s been weeks with the weather impacting us pretty hard where they’ve been mid-single digits negative. And as we look at the fourth quarter, we look into this and look at some of the consumer cadence, we’ve seen a little bit of a slowdown in the consumer. We’ve seen it at probably the lower income when we look at our consumer insights and guest information that we have, and that’s brought back a little bit of less frequency on that consumer. So again, looking at our cadence in our business of sales plus margins to drive overall new restaurant growth for our earnings cadence, I feel very good about the business longer term.
I think it’s going to be a little bumpy here in this first quarter. And if things continue to move in the right direction, the second quarter, I think that sets us up to get back to the single-digit comps and allows us to continue to optimize the opportunity to open new restaurants.
Tom Houdek — Chief Financial Officer
Brian, I’ll build on that, too. In terms of the algorithm and the growth rate, I do think — I mean, if we’re starting from $104 million of EBITDA in 2023, the run-rate margin that we’re exiting is better than it was midyear. And added on top of with the additional margin benefits we’re expecting and some sales growth, too, I do think, I mean in terms of the EBITDA growth you outlined, we do still expect to still be in a very healthy place there. It’s just going to get there a little differently.
The earnings growth algorithm really is predicated on both comp sales growth, as well as new restaurant growth. This year will be much more on margin improvement, but it still puts us in a great place in terms of EBITDA growth. But as we’re building through this year and continuing to build our pipeline and getting new restaurant openings later, what the earnings growth looks like in 2025 and beyond will just have a little different complexion then.
Brian Bittner — Oppenheimer and Company — Analyst
OK. Thank you.
Tom Houdek — Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Brian.
Operator
The next question is from Aisling Grueninger with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.
Aisling Grueninger — Piper Sandler — Analyst
Hey, good afternoon. Thanks for taking my question. My question is on the remodel process. You said you’re projecting 20 units this year.
And I believe at the investor day, you’re projecting around the same number as 2023, so kind of north of 30 units. I’m just wondering why you’ve decided to remodel less units in 2024 than you’ve previously guided because you’re getting a great sales lift from it so just wondering if there’s something you know impacting this and why not accelerate the number of remodels.
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Aisling, I’m not sure we said we’d be remodeling the same amount. I don’t recall that. I recall that we would be talking about 20 plus at the investor day, so there’s actually been really no change to that.
And so as we went through our capital planning this year and went through everything, we did not adjust our remodels down. So maybe I’m just remembering it differently, but I didn’t think we were going to — I don’t believe we ever said that we’d be doing 30-plus or 35-plus remodels the next year. And one of the reasons that if it seems different from one year to the next is we’re concentrating this year more on the dining room and the bar area which are bigger remodels. And if you think about on that investor day, we talked about three remodel plans, one expand capacity, one kind of we call Brewhouse Theater a little bit, and then the other in the bar.
And going into this year, we want to really focus on that Brewhouse Theater and the bar, so those ones are a little bit more expensive. They’re a better return. So it could have been that versus what we did this year where we had a lot of those smaller remodels, but I just don’t remember saying that we did 30 — that we were going to do 30 plus.
Tom Houdek — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, Aisling, I think the slide you’re thinking about is the — where we showed what we spent in ’23 and expected to spend in ’24. And to Greg’s point, it’s — the complexion is just going to look a little different. We’re going to have — the spend isn’t going to be terribly different, but we’re going to do less of them. So we can focus on some of these more impactful remodels to the bar, and they are costly, more costly, but you see more sales pop from them as well.
Aisling Grueninger — Piper Sandler — Analyst
Not that — thank you for that. That’s very helpful. My other question is on kind of just the health of the consumer. I know in the prepared remarks you said the first six weeks are running down mid-single digits.
I’m just wondering is there a considerable difference in restaurant comp versus off premise? Basically, is kind of — is off premise hurting the quarter-to-date comp as it seems it did in the 4Q?
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I think there tends to still be a little bit of that trend within the business where the dining room, as we said in the Q4, was low single digits positive, excuse me, versus off premise. Really looking at off — I shouldn’t say off premise. But looking at the first quarter, weather has played a really impactful into the overall comp sales. And it’s been hard to get a general read.
Even going into this weekend right now, we’re expecting more rain to come through California over the holiday weekend. So we’ve tried to put that into our guidance and be a little bit conservative. As I’ve said, as we look through the quarter, there were a week — there were weeks where we had positive comp sales, and then there are weeks that really shut down a lot of the U.S., and we had significant negative comp sales. But generally, as I look at our business, we’ve seen the dining room be healthier than the off premise.
Some of the off premise, as we mentioned, is we’ve decided to pull back on some of the marketing that goes in to drive 3PD. We’ve seen catering continue to grow. It’s up in double digits and continues to grow up in double digits. But generally, the 3PD section — sector has come down, and we’re not willing right now to spend a lot of money to generate maybe more unprofitable — sales that aren’t as profitable as trying to drive the dining room.
Aisling Grueninger — Piper Sandler — Analyst
Yep, that makes sense. Thank you. Thank you for the color. I’ll pass it back.
Tom Houdek — Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Aisling.
Operator
The next question is from Jeffrey Bernstein with Barclays. Please go ahead.
Pratik Patel — Barclays — Analyst
Thanks, guys. This is Pratik on for Jeff. I just want to dig a little deeper on the 4Q comp. How would you characterize your performance versus internal expectation? And really just can you parse out where you’re seeing the greatest change in consumer behavior? Perhaps within the more challenged income cohorts, is it really more traffic related in terms of frequency? Or are you seeing more mix shift on the menu? Thanks, and I had a follow-up.
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. I’ll go through the [Inaudible]. I’m sure Tom could add color into this. So coming out of October were strong comp sales for us in the industry, and we continue to outperform.
We made some decisions in the quarter. I think Tom mentioned it in regards to how we want to handle Veterans Day and a couple of other areas doing less discounting, and as a result, offsetting more profitable sales but with less traffic. When we look at the guests coming into our restaurant, the guests are ordering pretty much the same. We’re not seeing huge changes in incidence or mix within the dining room.
We are seeing changes though within off premise. Off premise, the incidence and mix are going negative. You’re seeing consumers spend less in off premise than where they were a year ago. So we’ve seen some of that change.
And then as I said before, we’ve seen — and we’ve also seen a little bit smaller party size year over year. So when we look at the size of the party coming in, in Q4 of ’23 versus Q4 of ’22, it’s a slightly smaller party. And as we look at the party data coming out of COVID, our party size grew tremendously. I think there’s a lot more celebratory, much more revenge dining, and we’re starting to see it kind of normalize, still above 2019 levels, but normalizing versus coming down where it was.
And as I mentioned earlier, we have seen less frequency at what we would consider kind of the lower-income consumer that visits BJ’s.
Pratik Patel — Barclays — Analyst
I appreciate that. And maybe, Tom, just a quick one for you in terms of the COGS outlook. I appreciate the more stable inflation outlook in 2024. Can you just help us with the cadence through the year? It seems like there were a lot of inflation peaks and valleys throughout 2023, and I just want to make sure that we’re not missing something big.
Thank you.
Tom Houdek — Chief Financial Officer
Sure. On a sequential basis, we’re not expecting much. If you think of past years where inflation has spiked in different times and in different categories, this year, we’re expecting a lot more stability through the year, partly because some of the items that usually have historically floated for us, like our fresh meats, we’re now able to lock them in for some periods of time and take off some of those peaks and valleys. So I think that what we’re starting the year with here, really where we ended Q4, is going to be pretty consistent through the year.
I don’t think we’re going to see as much bounciness as we did through the years coming out of COVID where you really saw it moving around.
Pratik Patel — Barclays — Analyst
Got it. I appreciate that color. Thanks, guys.
Tom Houdek — Chief Financial Officer
Sure thing.
Operator
The next question is from Sharon Zackfia with William Blair. Please go ahead.
Sharon Zackfia — William Blair and Company — Analyst
Hey, good afternoon. I think, Greg, you said something in your comments about it’s even harder to drive comps when you rationalize the menu. I’m paraphrasing. But did you see an impact in the fourth quarter or so far in ’24? I know it’s been weather impacted, but what do you think the menu rationalization has done to sales? I know it’s been good for margins.
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. I don’t quite know the answer to that, Sharon. I just know being in this business for a long time that adding helps for a long time and then adding stops helping in your setup with complexity, and that’s where you see margins start to deteriorate and come down. When we went through our analysis, there’s a reach and a frequency number, and you’re trying to make sure you manage between both of those, meaning certain guests come in purely for a reach item, something that might not necessarily be core.
And those are those marginal guests which are important to keep and make sure you’ve got substitutions for them. And at the same time, you get the high-frequency items that really tend to drive your business. And we know after studying what we did prior to rolling it out that it wasn’t a decision that we made to change that’s going to drive a higher PPA, or per person average, or better profitable items. We really look to see what are the items that have that reach and frequency and make that adjustment.
So I’m not sure I can point to anything. Some of the data that we actually analyzed actually showed guests that bought an item and came X amount of times and bought a certain item that no longer was on the menu actually kept coming back. So the data tends to show that really rationalizing the menu didn’t necessarily decrease sales per se. But I’m going on 20-plus years of experience in this business.
And in 20-plus years, adding always seems to add sales until it doesn’t. And then you’re like, hey, we’ve got to do something about this.
Sharon Zackfia — William Blair and Company — Analyst
Yeah. That’s helpful. I just didn’t know if you were trying to allude to something that you had quantified in the quarter when you commented on that. I guess dynamic, do you have — I’m assuming most of those customers you don’t have individual data for.
I was just wondering if there was any way to use loyalty to try to stimulate people to come into the restaurants that may have been diverting.
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, we do. Our loyalty program is a robust program. We continue to grow the loyalty program. We know that specifically when we talk about this at our analyst day that we can drive frequency from a loyalty guest.
If they come once every eight weeks, we can go out there, introduce — induce them through offers or other things to get them to come once every four weeks. So the loyalty program is extremely important to us, and we have leaned into that at different times, and we’ll continue to lean into that throughout all of this year. First quarter of this year, like I said, it’s much more weather related, and it’s hard to get a read on the business outside of the weather.
Sharon Zackfia — William Blair and Company — Analyst
Thanks. I hear you. [Inaudible] Arctic tundra of Chicago. I guess the last question for me is you talked about pulling back in some of the promotions in the fourth quarter that weighed on comps.
Is there anything notable we should think about as you’re looking for margins that might weigh on comps here as we think about 2024 going forward?
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
No. There are just two real big areas, as I said. Veterans Day, we changed up our promotion on Veterans Day, and made a strategic decision just looking at the consumer, looking at what’s going on in third-party delivery and off premise that you can either continue to pay X plus every single year to hold sales at Y, or you got to continue to figure out different ways to get yourself more noticeable on the carousel, and that’s what we’re working through on the off premise. It’s an important aspect of our business.
We’d rather drive the right takeout, and that’s a big chunk of what we’re working on is how do we continue to drive takeout aspect and move people there versus maybe in the third-party delivery side of the business, where, as I said, to keep up at $1 sale, you have to pay X amount more each year.
Sharon Zackfia — William Blair and Company — Analyst
OK. Thank you.
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
Welcome.
Operator
The next question is from Todd Brooks with The Benchmark Company. Please go ahead.
Todd Brooks — The Benchmark Company — Analyst
Hey, thanks for taking my questions. First one just on the unit growth profile, three units this year working on beyond the $1 million. You’ve gotten out of the prototype another $500,000. As I’m hearing this and we’re really trying to get the prototype nailed down, does that leak into ’25? And do we need to start to think if the returns get there that ’26 is more of that inflection year from a unit growth standpoint back to the — up to the 5% that you’ve talked about?
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
It probably plays in there, just because, historically, the way we’ve built BJ’s is we’ve gone from a much more new — a much more measured cadence in our growth. So three, I think we’d have the ability to accelerate into the seven, eight-plus range, but I don’t think three is going to move us up to being three this year to 12 or 13 the following year. And one thing I do want to emphasize here, our new restaurants are actually generating solid returns for us. We talked about that.
The sales are $130,000. Margins are in the upper teens from that perspective. We just know as we continue to build out the next 200 restaurants over time, the ability to continue to move that cost in the right direction is important to us. It allows us to optimize the restaurant, both from an efficiency standpoint but also from a return-on-investment standpoint.
Todd Brooks — The Benchmark Company — Analyst
OK. Thanks. Greg. And, Tom, one for you.
You talked about generating the $35 million in annualized cost savings over the course of ’23. How much of that carries forward as incremental into ’24, helping to drive the margin story further? And as you’re talking about the additional pool that you’re attacking, I think your $25 million went to $35 million. Are you working on another $10 million pool that you’re attacking? Or are we getting to really kind of more marginal opportunities for further cost savings from here?Thanks.
Tom Houdek — Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Todd, and good questions. To handle your first question first, the — there — if you think of the 14.4% margin that we had in the fourth quarter, there still was cost savings realized during the quarter. So there was, for example, a couple of our sauces we found a new supplier for and reformulated. So that was on an annualized basis a couple million dollars of savings that rolled out mid-quarter.
We made some changes on the janitorial side to bring it back in-house to where we — to give even a better service than going outside, and there was some cost savings there. So those were some examples of mid-quarter changes that weren’t fully in our Q4 margins. So those types of benefits do — will be a bigger impact when it’s in a full quarter and then a full year running through. Because when we’re talking $35 million of cost saving, that’s on an annualized basis.
Some of those have been in for the full year, many of them still were being realized as 2023 went on. And going to the second part of your question, we do still see some big opportunities for more cost savings. So if it’s another $10 billion or so, it’s possible. There’s some — we’re looking at a number of things that are still $1 million-plus type of savings opportunities.
So the team is still very focused on this initiative. I know we’ve been talking about it for some time with you all. We’re still talking about it weekly internally as well. So it’s still finding some really nice savings.
Some things just take a little longer to roll out to, to our system, and that’s where we’re seeing some of these ones that are still rolling out in Q1. But as we go through the year, there’s still some others that I’m really excited about still being able to find even more savings this year.
Todd Brooks — The Benchmark Company — Analyst
Great. Thanks, Tom. Appreciate it.
Tom Houdek — Chief Financial Officer
Thank you.
Operator
The next question is from Nick Setyan with Wedbush Securities. Please go ahead.
Nick Setyan — Wedbush Securities — Analyst
Thanks. I’m sorry if I missed this. But did you guys guide G&A for ’24? And then what do you guys expect the marketing expense to be in ’24 as a percentage of sales?
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
So we did talk about G&A being around $82 million to $84 million for the full year, and then marketing will be somewhere around 2%. It will be up a little bit slightly from this year, which I think was upper 1s. But we’ve talked about this at the investor day, actually, I think, Nick, just in general, and that is last year we had to spend money for production and some other assets that we can use this year. So while marketing will be up a little bit from a percentage of sales standpoint, it will be deployed differently because we have those assets already owned, which means we can deploy them in linear, connected TV, and social, digital etc.
Nick Setyan — Wedbush Securities — Analyst
Got it. And then especially now that Q1, you’re talking about sort of 13% — low 13% yield level margins. Can you maybe just, Tom, just kind of talk about the different line items in terms of where you expect leverage and how we get to sort of a 14.5%-plus type of margin for the year?
Tom Houdek — Chief Financial Officer
I would point to Q4 as being a good proxy for a full year. So coming out of this year, looking at kind of a mid-14s right now. We’re expecting on the food cost line to see pretty moderate inflation. We’re expecting a little more on the labor side.
So as we take pricing, I would expect to get a little leverage on the food cost side, being able to hold on the labor side. But I would look at Q4 as a good proxy as we work through the year. Obviously, we had some deleverage as we started Q1 here, and that was part of the Q1 guidance there. But, yeah, if we think of a –our starting point, I think Q4 is a really good proxy to use.
Nick Setyan — Wedbush Securities — Analyst
OK. Thank you.
Operator
[Operator signoff]
Duration: 0 minutes
Call participants:
Rana Schirmer — Director of Securities and Exchange Commission Reporting
Greg Levin — President and Chief Executive Officer
Tom Houdek — Chief Financial Officer
Tyler Prause — Stephens, Inc. — Analyst
Alex Slagle — Jefferies — Analyst
Brian Bittner — Oppenheimer and Company — Analyst
Aisling Grueninger — Piper Sandler — Analyst
Pratik Patel — Barclays — Analyst
Sharon Zackfia — William Blair and Company — Analyst
Todd Brooks — The Benchmark Company — Analyst
Nick Setyan — Wedbush Securities — Analyst
