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Axsome Therapeutics (AXSM -12.57%)
Q4 2023 Earnings Call
Feb 20, 2024, 8:00 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Hello, and welcome to the Axsome Therapeutics fourth-quarter and full-year 2023 conference call and webcast. [Operator instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It’s now my pleasure to turn the call over to Chief Operating Officer Mark Jacobson. Please go ahead, sir.
Mark Jacobson — Chief Operating Officer
Good morning, and thank you all for joining us on today’s conference call. This morning, we issued our earnings press release providing a corporate update and details of the company’s financial results for the fourth quarter and full year of 2023. The release crossed the wire a short time ago and is available on our website at axsome.com. During today’s call, we will be making certain forward-looking statements.
These statements may include statements regarding, among other things, the efficacy, safety, and intended utilization of our investigational agents, our clinical and non-clinical plans, our plans to present or report additional data, the anticipated conduct and the source of future clinical trials, regulatory plans, future research and development plans, our commercial plans regarding Sunosi, Auvelity, and our pipeline products, revenue projections, and possible intended use of cash and investments. These forward-looking statements are based on current information, assumptions, and expectations that are subject to change and involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. These and other risks are described in our periodic filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our quarterly and annual reports. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are only made as of today’s date, and the company disclaims any obligation to update such statements.
Joining me on the call today are Dr. Herriot Tabuteau, chief executive officer; Nick Pizzie, chief financial officer; and Ari Maizel, executive Vice President and head of commercial. Herriot will provide an overview of the company and progress made in the fourth quarter of 2023 as well as key upcoming milestones. Following Herriot, Nick will review our financial results, then Ari will provide a commercial update.
We will then open the line for questions. Your questions will be taken in the order they are received. And with that, I will turn the call over to Herriot.
Herriot Tabuteau — Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Mark. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining Axsome Therapeutics fourth-quarter and year-end 2023 financial results and business update conference call. 2023 was another strong year for Axsome, built on focused commercial execution for our first-in-class marketed products and continued advancement and expansion of our industry-leading neuroscience pipeline. During our first full year as a commercial company, Auvelity, our first-in-class oral NMDA receptor antagonist and sigma-1 receptor agonist for depression; and Sunosi, our DNRI and TAAR1 agonist for excessive daytime sleepiness, generated combined net product revenue of approximately $205 million.
We expect continued revenue growth in 2024 aided by our completed sales force expansion for Auvelity and increasing awareness of our differentiated products. Later in the call, Nick will provide details on our quarterly financials, and Ari will provide additional information on our commercial performance. During 2023, our innovative development pipeline also progressed and expanded. We made solid progress in the preparation of our NDAs for AXS-07 in migraine and AXS-14 in fibromyalgia.
We advanced our Phase 3 trials of AXS-12 in narcolepsy and AXS-05 in Alzheimer’s disease agitation. We initiated a Phase 3 trial program for solriamfetol in ADHD and announced three additional new indications for solriamfetol. This progress positions us to deliver on multiple, potentially value-driving milestones, throughout 2024. I will provide a brief update on our industry-leading neuroscience pipeline and expected milestones.
Starting with our two NDA-state products. AXS-07 for the acute treatment of migraine is on track for an NDA resubmission in the first half of 2024. The NDA submission for AXS-14 for the management of fibromyalgia is also tracking for submission in the second quarter of 2024. Now, moving on to our late-stage clinical programs.
We have completed enrollment in the Phase 3 SYMPHONY trial of AXS-12 for the treatment of narcolepsy, and we are on track to report top-line results for SYMPHONY during the first quarter. For AXS-05, the Phase 3 ADVANCE-2 trial in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease agitation is tracking for completion in the second half of 2024 based on anticipated enrollment trends in the recent treatment market dynamics. Turning to solriamfetol, the active molecule in Sunosi. In December we held an investor day event where physician experts provided the scientific and clinical rationale underlying the exploration of solriamfetol in new target indications, including major depressive disorder, binge eating disorder, and shift work disorder. We expect to initiate Phase 3 trials in each of these indications in the first quarter.
These new trials complement the ongoing Phase 3 FOCUS trial of solriamfetol in adults with ADHD. FOCUS is tracking for top-line results in the second half of 2024. Overall, our development portfolio encompasses five innovative late-stage patent-protected product candidates for 10 serious psychiatric and neurologic conditions. If successfully developed, these investigational medicines have the potential to transform the treatment landscape for serious and difficult-to-treat CNS disorders which affect more than 150 million people in the U.S.
alone. I will now turn the call to Nick who will provide details of our financial performance.
Nick Pizzie — Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Herriot, and good morning. Today, we’ll discuss our fourth-quarter and full-year results and provide some financial guidance. Total product revenues were 71.5 million and 204.9 million for the fourth quarter and full year of 2023, representing a year-over-year growth of 193% and 309% respectively. This consisted of net product sales of $70.7 million and $202.5 million for the fourth quarter and full year of 2023 and royalty revenue of 800,000 and 2.4 million respectively.
Total product revenues for the comparable periods in 2022 were $24.4 million and $50 million. Total revenue for the full year of 2023 was $270.6 million, which includes license revenue of 65.7 million from out-licensing Sunosi in certain ex-U.S. territories. Auvelity net product sales were 49 million and 130.1 million for the fourth quarter and full year of 2023 respectively, representing the first full year of commercialization for Auvelity.
Auvelity was launched on October 19th, 2022 and had U.S. net sales of 5.2 million for the fourth quarter of 2022. Sunosi net product revenues were 22.5 million and 74.8 million for the fourth quarter and full year of 2023, representing 17% and 67% year-over-year growth respectively and consisting of $21.7 million and $72.4 million in net product sales and 800,000 and 2.4 million in royalty revenue associated with Sunosi sales in out-licensed territories respectively. Sunosi net sales for the comparable periods in 2022 were $19.2 million and $44.9 million.
Total Sunosi revenue for the full year of 2023 was 140.5 million, which includes license revenue of 65.7 million from out-licensing Sunosi in certain ex-U.S. territories. Total cost of revenues were 7.4 million and 26.1 million for the fourth quarter and full year of 2023. Total cost of revenue for the comparable periods in 2022 were $2.3 million and $5.2 million.
Total cost of revenue for the full year of 2023 included a one-time cost of $5 million associated with the revenue received on out-licensing Sunosi in certain ex-U.S. territories. Research and development expenses were $30.8 million and $97.9 million for the fourth quarter and full year of 2023 respectively, compared to 14.7 million and 57.9 million for the comparable periods in 2022. The increase was primarily related to the FOCUS trial of solriamfetol in ADHD, the advancement of ongoing trials of AXS-05 and AXS-12, manufacturing costs associated with the anticipated NDAs for AXS-07 and AXS-14, post-marketing commitments for both Auvelity and Sunosi, and higher personnel costs, including non-cash stock based compensation.
Selling, general, and administrative expenses where $86.8 million and $323.1 million for the fourth quarter and full year of 2023 respectively, compared to $61.5 million and $159.3 million for the comparable periods in 2022. The increase was primarily related to commercialization activities for Auvelity and Sunosi, including sales force and marketing expenses and higher personnel costs related to organizational growth, including non-cash stock based compensation. Net loss for the fourth quarter of 2023 was $98.7 million, or $2.08 per share, compared to a net loss of $61.2 million, or $1.41 per share, for the comparable period in 2022. The net loss in the fourth quarter of 2023 includes $63.7 million in non-cash charges comprised of $43.2 million in acquisition-related contingent consideration expense reflecting our updated sales projections for recently announced new indications for solriamfetol, $18.9 million for non-cash stock based compensation expense, and $1.6 million of non-cash intangible asset amortization.
Net loss was $239.2 million, or $5.27 per share, for the full year of 2023, compared to a net loss of $187.1 million, or $4.60 per share, for the full year of 2022. The net loss for the full year includes total non-cash charges of $117.9 million, which includes $62.6 million of stock compensation expense, $48.9 million in fair value of contingent consideration expense, and $6.4 million in intangible amortization, compared to 37.7 million, 3.3 million, and 4.1 million respectively for the full year of 2022. Auvelity and Sunosi GTN discount in Q4 of 2023 were both approximately 50%. Q1, typically, has a negative seasonality effect on GTN.
As a reminder, the GTN discount for Auvelity in Q1 of 2023 was in the high to upper 50s and in the mid 50s for Sunosi, due to the seasonal Q1 GTN dynamics. We would therefore expect a similar GTN in Q1 of 2024 for both products. We ended 2023 with $386.2 million in cash and cash equivalents, compared to 200.8 million at December 31st of 2022. We believe that our current cash balance is sufficient to fund anticipated operations into cash flow positivity based on the current operating plan.
I would now like to turn the call over to Ari, who will provide a commercial update.
Ari Maizel — Executive Vice President, Head of Commercial
Thank you, Nick. Axsome completed our first full year as a commercial company by delivering strong performance for both of our on-market products, starting with Auvelity. In the fourth quarter, approximately 84,000 prescriptions were written for Auvelity, representing 23% quarter-over-quarter growth. This performance contrasts with a decline of 1% for the overall antidepressant market during the same period.
Additionally, nearly 17,000 new patients started Auvelity in the quarter, bringing the total number of unique patients treated with Auvelity since launch to approximately 71,000. In the fourth quarter, more than 3,500 first-time Auvelity prescribers were activated by our sales team, increasing the cumulative total number of prescribers since launch to nearly 17,000. Payer coverage was stable in Q4 as Auvelity remains accessible to patients, representing approximately 70% of covered lives. We continue to progress in conversations with major plans and PBMs across all channels as we pursue access improvements for patients.
Auvelity performance in the quarter was primarily driven by specialist in psychiatry practices, with both psychiatry MDs and nurse practitioners and physician’s assistants or NPPAs contributing to robust growth in the quarter and over the course of 2023. In addition, we observed meaningful traction within the primary care segment among both MDs and NPPAs as the early impact from our recent sales force expansion began to take hold with increased call activity in primary care offices. In a recent survey of providers in psychiatry and primary care, who treat a significant proportion of depression patients, key drivers of Auvelity prescribing cited by respondents include rapid onset of action and low impact on weight gain and sexual dysfunction. In addition, adopters note the positive impact Auvelity has demonstrated on day-to-day patient functioning and its improvements in patient perceptions of quality of life.
Axsome has established a strong commercial foundation to support continued Auvelity growth in 2024, with approximately 260 sales representatives calling on 44,000 healthcare providers, and continued investment in our industry-leading digital-centric commercialization platform, we are well positioned to accelerate our education and awareness objectives across the predominant depression treaters in the U.S. An enhanced brand story for 2024 has been created to augment provider perceptions of Auvelity and is anchored on Auvelity’s key attributes. Auvelity is a rapid-acting antidepressant that works fast and lasts, with a rapid symptom improvement observed at week one, substantial symptom improvement observed at week two, and both sustained and substantial symptom improvement observed at week six. Auvelity has a well-established safety and tolerability profile that includes low impact on weight and sexual dysfunction and no risk of movement disorders or extrapyramidal symptoms.
Further, Auvelity is the only oral antidepressant that modulates both glutamatergic and monoaminergic pathways, a key point of consideration as the role of glutamate in depression is increasingly understood and accepted across the clinician landscape. We are very optimistic about Auvelity’s growth prospects in 2024 and its long-term blockbuster potential. Transitioning now to Sunosi. Total prescriptions were just over 42,000, representing 2% sequential quarterly growth and 18% growth versus Q4, 2022.
Approximately 3,600 new patients started Sunosi treatment during the quarter, bringing the total number of unique patients treated with Sunosi to 65,000 since launch. Although excessive daytime sleepiness is a smaller market with a more limited prescriber base, we continue to activate new prescribers, including more than 400 during the fourth quarter alone, for a total cumulative prescriber base of more than 12,000 since launch. The field team is focused on communicating the needed urgency to treat excessive daytime sleepiness symptoms in obstructive sleep apnea and narcolepsy with disproportionate focus on the nearly 2,000 active weekly prescribers in the space. Payer coverage for Sunosi was consistent in Q4 with a total of 83% of lives covered across all channels.
In a recent survey of Sunosi adopters, key attributes driving demand for the product cited by respondents include significant and sustained impact on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, a market-leading nine-plus hours of wakefulness observed in Phase 3 clinical trials and significant improvement in patient-reported outcomes at week 12. We are very proud of our commercial effort for Sunosi and expect continued growth in 2024. In closing, Axsome delivered compelling commercial performance in Q4, 2023 as the optimization of our commercial infrastructure took shape, and we completed our first full year as a commercial company. Anecdotal feedback from providers and patients continues to reinforce our belief that Auvelity and Sunosi are a unique and differentiated treatment options in their respective indications, and supports our growing confidence that Axsome is reshaping the treatment landscape for CNS conditions.
I will now turn the call back to Mark for Q&A.
Mark Jacobson — Chief Operating Officer
Thank you, Ari. Operator, may we please have our first question?
Questions & Answers:
Operator
Thank you. We will now be conducting our question-and-answer session. [Operator instructions] Our first question today is coming from Leonid Timashev from RBC Capital Markets. Your line is now live.
Leonid Timashev — RBC Capital Markets — Analyst
Thanks for taking my question. Maybe I’ll start off with a question on the ADVANCE-2 readout. I guess, can you maybe provide a little bit more color on what drove the slip in time lines? I guess, what’s driving the slower recruitment? Is there any reflection on the potential market opportunity from that? And any risks to trial integrity, especially as standard of care evolves? Thanks.
Herriot Tabuteau — Chief Executive Officer
Well, thank you for that question. I think the second part of your question, which is the evolving nature of the standard of care, that’s really what is driving this. This is an indication that we’re really excited about. And we did want to take into account the recent launch of brexpiprazole and any potential impact that that can have on enrollment.
As a reminder, brexpiprazole is the first drug that is approved in this indication. So, our internal analytics team has been monitoring very closely the prescription trends. And what we’ve seen is a clear inflection in prescribing, which we attribute to that new indication. So, our revised guidance incorporates this new information.
Having said that, we’re confident that we should be able to deliver data this year. Ari, any further comments about the evolving treated landscape in brex?
Ari Maizel — Executive Vice President, Head of Commercial
Yeah. I would just say, related to the brexpiprazole increase, we’re seeing a substantial increase across the Medicare channel, which we tie directly to the ADA indication. But I think this is also a really positive news for AXS-05. Clearly, there’s significant unmet treatment need, and that gives us great confidence for the future with AXS-05.
Leonid Timashev — RBC Capital Markets — Analyst
Got it. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Next question today is coming from Charles Duncan from Cantor Fitzgerald. Your line is now live.
Charles Duncan — Cantor Fitzgerald — Analyst
Good morning, Herriot and team. Congrats on a great year of commercialization. I did want to follow up on a question on AXS-05. But first, with regard to commercial performance for Auvelity, I’m wondering if you can provide any sense of persistence.
I know it may be a little bit too long, but you mentioned for the branding fast and last in terms of activity. I’m wondering what you can see in terms of refills in patients staying on drug?
Herriot Tabuteau — Chief Executive Officer
Thanks for the question, Charles. It’s still a little too early to share any information on persistency and adherence. What I will say is the feedback we’re receiving from patients and clinicians suggest that the clinical profile from Phase 3 is holding up in the real world. So, we expect to generate additional data in the future.
But for now, suffice it to say that what we’re seeing in the real world is reflective of the Phase 3 clinical trial results.
Charles Duncan — Cantor Fitzgerald — Analyst
OK. That’s helpful. And if I could follow on to the last question regarding AXS-05 and ADVANCE-2, I’m wondering if you have any changed perspective on the probability of success given Otsuka’s 786 data recently. And then also in terms of the open-label extension, are patients enrolling into that? And how does that appear to be going maybe, yes, just kind of broadly?
Herriot Tabuteau — Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Thanks for the questions, Charles. With regards to the Otsuka readout, we don’t think that that has any meaningful read through to our product. Now, we watch any data readout or any developments in the space for any potential learnings to our clinical development.
However, we think that the best data to look at when you’re thinking about the potential of AXS-05 in Alzheimer’s disease agitation is the data that we’ve generated with our own product. And as a reminder, we have now completed two Phase 3 trials, which were placebo-controlled, both of which had positive results. So, we think that that is information which is more relevant than information with other molecules. And the — and if you then take it one step down and actually look at the products themselves, they are different molecules entirely.
So, AVP-786, as a reminder, this is a deuterium-modified dextromethorphan, whereas the AXS-05 operates nondeuterium-modified dextromethorphan. And the inhibitors also are different. So, we use a aminoketone, and then they use quinidine. So, very different.
And as it relates to the open-label safety extension trial, that is going well. And the vast majority of patients who are rolling out of our ADVANCE-2 trial or opting to go into the open-label safety extension, we think that that is a good indicator of how the caregivers are thinking about the product.
Charles Duncan — Cantor Fitzgerald — Analyst
OK. Very good. Thanks for the added color, Herriot. I’ll hop back in the queue.
Operator
Thank you. Next question is coming from Ash Verma from UBS. Your line is now live.
Ash Verma — UBS — Analyst
Thanks for taking our questions. I have two, both on AD agitation. So, maybe just on the ADVANCE-2 study. Are you trying to recruit naive patient to treatment, and that’s why you want to kind of exclude anyone who has started therapy on Rexulti? That’s the first one.
And then second, like just fast forwarding to when you assume that this would come to the market, would you need to primarily focus on the long-term care facilities where a lot of these patients broadly reside. And just curious what type of sales footprint that might require versus, I think, your BCC platform is kind of more like footprint? Thanks.
Herriot Tabuteau — Chief Executive Officer
So, thank you for the question. The answer is, yes. We are recruiting primarily naive patients. And we wouldn’t want to exclude folks who are on Rexulti for obvious reasons.
And then our revised guidance does take into account any potential impact on losing patients because now patients do have a treatment option, which is approved. And in terms of long-term care facilities, our studies thus far have been conducted in the community setting. We think that, that’s where the majority of patients reside who have this indication. And one of the things that we’re excited about, as it relates to the profile of AXS-05 in Alzheimer’s disease agitation, is that it could potentially keep patients out of long-term care facilities.
In other words, keep them at home with their loved ones.
Operator
Thank you. Next question is coming from Joon Lee from Truist Securities. Your line is now live.
Asim Rana — Truist Securities — Analyst
Good morning. This is Asim on for Joon. Thanks for taking the question. I was wondering if you could comment on what the breakdown of patients on Auvelity currently is? Around what percent are first line? And then also just want to clarify, is the expanded sales force fully online now? And can you comment on if you think current TRx trends are reflective of the full 260% sales force? Thank you.
Herriot Tabuteau — Chief Executive Officer
Well, thanks, I’ll turn that over to Ari.
Ari Maizel — Executive Vice President, Head of Commercial
Hi. Thanks for the question. So, we are seeing a meaningful improvement in terms of earlier line treatment. Over the course of 2023, we saw meaningful increases in first and second line treatment every quarter.
So, today, there’s roughly 40% to 50% of patients receiving Auvelity in the first or second line setting. We expect that trend to continue over time. Regarding your sales force expansion question, we are fully complete with the expansion. We hired the additional representatives at the end of last year, completed training in January of this year.
We’re starting to see meaningful impact in terms of call activity. In particular, we’re seeing an increase proportionally of calls to the primary care segment. We would expect the TRx and NBRx trends to continue to increase over the course of the year, and there will be a ramp beginning in Q1. And so, more details to come, but we are very pleased with the increased field force effort post expansion.
Asim Rana — Truist Securities — Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Next question is coming from Jason Gerberry from Bank of America. Your line is now live.
Jason Gerberry — Bank of America Merrill Lynch — Analyst
Hey, guys. Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. I just wanted to follow up on the ADA enrollment dynamic with Rexulti.
I guess, when we look at growth of this brand on a TRx basis, that inflection doesn’t seem obvious. So, I’m wondering if we should be looking at a different metric to gauge that inflection. I don’t know if it’s patient enrollment forms or claims, but — and given this a massive market, I’m a little surprised know given the TRx move that we’ve seen, that is being characterized as an inflection. And then is the expectation still that you’d get both long term safety and efficacy data in second half and then you’d be able to file in second half? Just wondering if the filing timeline is still on track.
Thanks.
Herriot Tabuteau — Chief Executive Officer
Thanks for the question. We have not given guidance on filing. So, that’s going to be determined by the completion of our long-term safety extension trial. That’s the gain factor there.
And with regards to what we’re seeing from our internal analytics team on Rexulti, I’ll turn it over to Ari.
Ari Maizel — Executive Vice President, Head of Commercial
Yes. Thanks, Jason. My suggestion and what we’ve been looking at is claims-based data by payer channel and our observation is that brexpiprazole is increasing significantly within the Medicare channel. And so, that is what we attribute the growth to the ADA indication too.
Jason Gerberry — Bank of America Merrill Lynch — Analyst
OK. Thank you.
Operator
Thanks. Our next question is coming from David Amsellem from Piper Sandler. Your line is now live.
David Amsellem — Piper Sandler — Analyst
Hey, thanks. So, just a couple. First, on AD agitation, can you talk about the potential for branding it differently from Auvelity and pricing it differently, just given that it’s a Medicare Part D market and obviously different from the depression landscape? So, that’s number 1. Then number 2, a couple just on reboxetine.
One, can you talk about the timeline to an NDA and gating factors beyond the study to an NDA filing in narcolepsy cataplexy? And then how are you thinking about pricing in that market? You’ve got on one end of the spectrum, pitolisant. You got on the other end of the spectrum, solriamfetol in narcolepsy. So, how are you thinking about that? Thank you.
Herriot Tabuteau — Chief Executive Officer
Sure. So, a couple of questions there around branding and pricing for both products. And I’ll let Ari provide some color on how we’re thinking about those two things. I will preview it by saying that, obviously, we’re thinking about what we will do there and what our options are, and we would not be able to comment too much until we make a final determination.
And as it relates to AXS-12 in narcolepsy and the NDA timing, the gating factor there will be our long-term safety extension trial. So, we’re monitoring that, but that is enrolling. And so, we need to complete that and have that readout in order to complete our package for the NDA.
Ari Maizel — Executive Vice President, Head of Commercial
Yes. Thanks for the question. Regarding the branding and pricing dynamics for AXS-05, we’re currently performing an analysis to better understand the potential impact of having the same brand or different brands. And there are a lot of considerations that will go into it, including ensuring clarity around patient dosing administration, potential halo effects associated with multiple indications, the fact that there’s comorbid depression in roughly 40% of Alzheimer’s patients.
So, there are a lot of considerations, and we’ll share more details in the future. And regarding the reboxetine pricing, that’s another area of analysis that we’re currently exploring, and we’ll share additional details in the future.
David Amsellem — Piper Sandler — Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Joseph Thome from TD Cowen. Your line is now live.
Joe Thome — TD Cowen — Analyst
Hi there. Good morning, and thanks for taking my questions. Maybe the first one on AXS-12. I know the AXS-12 study is really only powered for cataplexy, and it’s a little unclear if we’re going to actually get the sleepiness scores.
But can you talk a little bit from a clinician perspective, is it important to also see a signal on sleepiness in addition to cataplexy? Or kind of can you come in with another therapeutic, like Sunosi to address the sleepiness component? And then second on Sunosi in MDD, how should we thinking about timelines to data on that? If I remember, Gemini took about six months from first patient dose to actually seeing data. So, is it possible that we could see Sunosi MDD data this year? Or what are kind of the main differences between Gemini and the study that would make that potentially not the case? Thank you.
Herriot Tabuteau — Chief Executive Officer
Thanks for the questions. With regards to AXS-12, we’re very close to a data readout. So, we’ll will refrain from making any comments around that. Look, we’re so close, and we’ll know very soon what the profile is in the Phase 3 trials.
Now, we do think that the product should have a favorable placement in the treatment paradigm that complements solriamfetol and other treatment options. And we’re looking forward to the data readout because that will provide us the first Phase 3 data to complement the Phase 2 data that we generated thus far. And in terms of Sunosi with regards to MDD, we’ll have more to say about that, hopefully, once we announce enrollment of the first patient in that study. That remains on track to start this quarter.
Joe Thome — TD Cowen — Analyst
OK. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. [Operator instructions] Our next question is coming from Marc Goodman from Leerink Partners. Your line is now live.
Marc Goodman — Leerink Partners — Analyst
Yes. Good morning. Nick, can you talk about how we’re thinking about spending this year? And then secondly, you talked about how you have enough cash to get to cash flow positivity. Can you give us a sense of when that is? And then secondly, Herriot, are you willing to give us a sense of what percent of the AD agitation study is enrolled? Are you 50%, 60%, 70%? Maybe you can give us a sense of that? Thanks.
Nick Pizzie — Chief Financial Officer
Sure. Yes. Thanks, Marc. So, as for R&D, our expense for the quarter was 31 million, just under 31 million for Q4.
That ticked up slightly from the previous quarter. We expect R&D spend to increase gradually as solriamfetol Phase 3 trials commenced during the year. This increase will also be offset though by lower clinical costs, as the SYMPHONY, ADVANCE-2, and FOCUS trials complete in 2024, and also once AXS-14 and AXS-07 NDAs are filed. As for the SG&A line, total expense for the quarter was just under 87 million.
That was also a slight increase in the previous quarter. As you know, as we mentioned, the biggest increase in SG&A was due to the sales force expansion, which took place throughout Q4. As that expansion occurred throughout the quarter, roughly half of the quarter’s expense for that expansion was realized in Q4. So, we would expect a slight increase in Q1 as we will realize the full burden of that expansion.
So — and then from a cash flow positivity or profitability, we are still at the early stages of the Auvelity launch and a bit more than a year removed from the acquisition of Sunosi. We’ve modeled various scenarios, and based on the success that we’ve had thus far, we feel very confident of our ability to be cash flow positive. As you’re aware, the launches, by nature, are very volatile. And as such, we haven’t provided any guidance on specific timeline for cash flow positivity.
Herriot, do you want to take the next question?
Herriot Tabuteau — Chief Executive Officer
Yes. No, thanks, Marc, for the other question. We haven’t provided a specific percentage enrollment in our trials lately. However, weigh the agitation, we’re confident that we should be able to have results this year.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question is coming from Graig Suvannavejh from Mizuho Securities. Your line is now live. Graig, your line is now live.
Perhaps, your phone is on mute.
Graig Suvannavejh — Mizuho Securities — Analyst
Can you hear me?
Operator
Yes, please go ahead.
Graig Suvannavejh — Mizuho Securities — Analyst
OK. Great, thanks. So sorry about that. Congrats on the quarter.
Just two questions. One, just can you comment on the Auvelity DTC efforts? And any thoughts around how that effort might evolve in 2024? And your level of satisfaction with what you’ve done so far? And what’s needed on a go-forward basis? And then secondly, just in the — as we think about the potential of solriamfetol in MDD, could you just remind us on how we should think about the differential positioning of that product with Auvelity? Thanks.
Ari Maizel — Executive Vice President, Head of Commercial
Hey, Graig, thanks so much. This is Ari. I appreciate the question. As you know, we do have a DTC effort today largely focused on digital engagement.
We’ve been very pleased with that investment so far. What we observed through market research is nearly eight in 10 patients who ask for Auvelity, receive it. And so, we’re very optimistic about continued investment in consumer advertising. And we are assessing additional investments at the moment.
And so, we would expect to share some updates later in the year based on whether we intend to increase the investment around consumer advertising. As it relates to solriamfetol in MDD, as you know, MDD is a highly heterogeneous condition. Not all patients respond to the same types of treatments. And because there are overlapping symptoms with other illnesses and particular symptoms that may be more difficult for some patients than others, there’s usually room for multiple treatment options to help these patients.
And so, until we have more data around solriamfetol in MDD, it’s a little premature to talk about co-positioning with Auvelity. But based on our experience in this space, we do believe that there will be opportunities for both products to help patients achieve meaningful symptom relief.
Graig Suvannavejh — Mizuho Securities — Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Next question is coming from David Hoang from Citigroup. Your line is now live.
David Hoang — Citi — Analyst
Hi. Good morning, and thanks for taking the questions. Congrats on the quarter. So, maybe just two for me.
First, on Auvelity, could you provide any color around your ongoing payer discussions in the commercial channel and expectations to improve the coverage there above the current, I think, 48% or so of covered lives? And then regarding solriamfetol in ADHD, once the results of the FOCUS study are in hand, what else would be needed to proceed to an sNDA filing there if those results are positive? Thanks so much.
Herriot Tabuteau — Chief Executive Officer
Sure. So, we’ll take the questions in reverse order. For solriamfetol, the FOCUS study is in adults. And we will be wanting a Phase 3 trial in the pediatric population.
So, both of those studies — both of those patient populations are needed for an NDA filing.
Ari Maizel — Executive Vice President, Head of Commercial
Yes. And related to the payer discussions, as you mentioned, we have roughly 48% coverage in commercial channels, 70% overall across channels. The way we think about the payer dynamics is we are taking a very disciplined approach to contracting to preserve long-term profitability for our products. However, we do anticipate expanding coverage over time and remain actively engaged with health insurers to improve access for insured patients.
I will mention that our current investments in both patient savings programs, as well as reimbursement services, will support continued prescription growth at current levels of coverage, which, as I mentioned before, remains 70% of lives for Auvelity.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question is coming from Myles Minter from William Blair. Your line is now live.
Myles Minter — William Blair and Company — Analyst
Hey. Thanks for taking the question. Just on the Teva ANDA filings that I know are active. I noticed that you’ve recently got some new IP listed in the FDA Orange Book with a patent that expires at 2043.
Have you got Chapter 4 filings against those patents that we might not be aware of? And then secondly, just back on the 48% coverage in the commercial channel, that’s flat quarter over quarter, yet your conversations are progressing. What is the sticking point with some of these major payers that have yet to get online with Auvelity at the moment? Is it more about formulary positioning, risk benefit, or is it simply just coming down to price? Thanks.
Hunter Murdock — General Counsel
Yes. Thank you for the question. This is Hunter Murdock. So, yes, we do have patents going out to 2043, and we do have a Paragraph 4 filings against them, which we’ve filed suit again.
So, it is public information that we do have those three Paragraph 4 certifications relating to 2043 patents. So, that’s that with the Teva litigation.
Ari Maizel — Executive Vice President, Head of Commercial
And this is Ari. Regarding your comment on the 48%. Yes, it is stable quarter over quarter. Every payer discussion is different.
In some cases, it’s related to ultimate price. In some cases, it’s related to utilization management parameters. And so, we are progressing those conversations. We’re having meaningful discussions, but it takes time and they are ongoing negotiations.
And hopefully, we’ll be able to share some updates next quarter.
Myles Minter — William Blair and Company — Analyst
OK. Thanks for the questions. Congrats on the year.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Yatin Suneja from Guggenheim Securities. Your line is now live.
Eddie Hickman — Guggenheim Partners — Analyst
Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question. This is Eddie on for Yatin this morning. Regarding that brexpiprazole increase in the long-term care channel since their ADA approval, is that a good comp for how the Auvelity launch could inflect on upon approval? Or does the different safety profile or black-box warning make Auvelity a more attractive option for this population? And then what additional commercial infrastructure would you need to see that kind of an inflection like brexpiprazole saw if approved? Thanks.
Ari Maizel — Executive Vice President, Head of Commercial
Yes. Thanks for the question. Just one clarification. We don’t have data to suggest increasing brexpiprazole in long-term care.
It’s in the Medicare channel. And so, I think additional data would be needed to understand whether it’s in the long-term care setting or in outpatient. But — and I do think it’s a little premature to suggest that it’s a good analog for AXS-05. These products do have different clinical profiles.
AXS-05 is a non-atypical antipsychotic. It has a slightly different profile overall. And we expect there to be meaningful growth within that indication if approved in both the outpatient settings as well as long-term care. As Herriot suggested earlier in our trials, we are focused in outpatient settings with a hope to delay patients going to long term care facilities.
In terms of commercial infrastructure, we’re obviously evaluating our sales force size and structure relative to the overall pipeline. And we do expect to have a meaningful presence in long-term care facilities. However, our existing sales force is primarily focused on outpatient care practices, which we expect will continue even for ADA. So, more details to come, but we feel very confident that we’ll be able to have an efficient selling effort based on the shared call points for most of the indications that exist in our pipeline as well as our on-market products.
Eddie Hickman — Guggenheim Partners — Analyst
Great, thanks. Congrats again.
Operator
Thank you. We have time for questions from two more analysts. Our next question is coming from Matt Kaplan from Ladenburg Thalmann. Your line is now live.
Matt Kaplan — Ladenburg Thalmann and Company — Analyst
Hi. Thanks for taking the questions, and good morning, guys. Just maybe a question for Ari in terms of now that you’ve completed the sales force expansion. When should we start to see an impact of that new sales force? And I guess, over the course of the year, is it really first half or second half when we start to see them gaining traction?
Ari Maizel — Executive Vice President, Head of Commercial
Yes. Thank you for the question. We expect to see a ramp in terms of impact over the course of the year. Obviously, the majority of the expansion representatives were hired late last year.
We completed training in January of this year. It takes time to go through call cycles and to build confidence with the brand stories and messaging and also to expand our reach into the primary care setting. And so, we expect the bill to occur over the course of the year. We’re starting to see some meaningful impact in terms of call activity, and we would expect demand trends to have corresponding increases over the course of the year.
Matt Kaplan — Ladenburg Thalmann and Company — Analyst
OK. That’s helpful. And then maybe a question for Herriot. You gave some added detail in terms of what is necessary for filing sNDA in ADHD.
In terms of the other indications you’re pursuing in Phase III for solriamfetol, MDD, binge eating disorder, and shift work, what would be necessary there? Is it they both — they all include two Phase 3 trials? Or could some be with one?
Herriot Tabuteau — Chief Executive Officer
Sure. With regards to solriamfetol in MDD, so there, we anticipate that we will need two Phase 3 trials. So, we’re launching our first Phase 3 trial. As you know, this quarter, binge eating disorder.
Similarly, we anticipate that we would need two Phase 3 trials, and we’re also on track to launch the first Phase 3 trial this quarter. For shift work disorder, we only need one Phase 3 trial for — to file an sNDA.
Matt Kaplan — Ladenburg Thalmann and Company — Analyst
All right. Well, thanks for taking questions.
Operator
Thank you. Our final question today is coming from Vikram Purohit from Morgan Stanley. Your line is now live. Vikram, perhaps your phone is on mute.
Vikram Purohit — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Hi, good morning. Can you hear me?
Operator
Please proceed.
Herriot Tabuteau — Chief Executive Officer
Yes.
Vikram Purohit — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Thank you. Good morning. Thanks for taking your questions. So, we had two commercial questions, one on ADA, one on MDD.
So, for ADA, assuming ADVANCE-2 is positive and AXS-05 is approved for the indication, what would you expect annual duration of therapy to be in this setting given the potential differences in the number and duration of agitation episodes that patients with AD can experience? And then secondly, in MDD, do you think Auvelity sales guidance is a possibility this year? And if so, what are some of the metrics and aspects of the launch that you’re monitoring to gauge whether guidance is reasonable to provide? Thanks.
Herriot Tabuteau — Chief Executive Officer
Thanks for the questions. With regards to duration of treatment in Alzheimer’s disease agitation, so Alzheimer’s disease agitation is viewed as a chronic condition. And that’s how we’ve been studying it and that is also reflective of how the FDA thinks about it from feedback that we’ve gotten from them. So, we do have, as you know, a long-term open-label safety extension trial, which is ongoing.
So, patients have been on drug now for a fairly long time. So, the study, it’s a one-year trial.
Nick Pizzie — Chief Financial Officer
Yes. Sure, Vikram. This is Nick. As it relates to the sales guidance, given the relatively short period of time since launch and evolving dynamics, including the increase in sales force effort as well as variability with market access, we’re not ready to provide forward-looking guidance on sales, which is likely the case for the entirety of 2024 at this point.
Vikram Purohit — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Got it. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. We reached end of our question-and answer session. I’d like to turn the floor back over to management for any further or closing comments.
Herriot Tabuteau — Chief Executive Officer
Well, thank you for taking the time to join us for today’s quarterly update. 2023 was a strong year for Axsome. We entered 2024 with a growing commercial business in a late-stage neuroscience pipeline that encompasses five innovative product candidates in development, the 10, serious neuropsychiatry indications. We look forward to providing multiple updates throughout the year on our progress.
Thank you, and have a great rest of your day.
Operator
[Operator signoff]
Duration: 0 minutes
Call participants:
Mark Jacobson — Chief Operating Officer
Herriot Tabuteau — Chief Executive Officer
Nick Pizzie — Chief Financial Officer
Ari Maizel — Executive Vice President, Head of Commercial
Leonid Timashev — RBC Capital Markets — Analyst
Charles Duncan — Cantor Fitzgerald — Analyst
Ash Verma — UBS — Analyst
Asim Rana — Truist Securities — Analyst
Jason Gerberry — Bank of America Merrill Lynch — Analyst
David Amsellem — Piper Sandler — Analyst
Joe Thome — TD Cowen — Analyst
Marc Goodman — Leerink Partners — Analyst
Graig Suvannavejh — Mizuho Securities — Analyst
David Hoang — Citi — Analyst
Myles Minter — William Blair and Company — Analyst
Hunter Murdock — General Counsel
Eddie Hickman — Guggenheim Partners — Analyst
Matt Kaplan — Ladenburg Thalmann and Company — Analyst
Vikram Purohit — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
